Calatayud Estela, Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara, Aguilar-Latorre Alejandra, Cuenca-Zaldivar Juan Nicolás, Magallón-Botaya Rosa Mª, Gómez-Soria Isabel
Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBA building, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBA building, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Labor Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Exp Gerontol. 2024 Oct 15;196:112568. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112568. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Normal aging presents subtle cognitive changes that can be detected before meeting the criteria for Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older people with low cognitive reserve and who receive limited cognitive stimulation are at greater risk of deterioration. In this regard, cognitive stimulation (CS) has been identified as an intervention that reduces this risk, provided that its design takes into account the differences in the level of cognitive reserve (CR) acquired throughout life and the baseline level of cognitive functioning. The general objective of this study is to evaluate, through a randomized clinical trial, the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive stimulation program, designed and adapted from Occupational Therapy based on the level of cognitive reserve in older adults in Primary Care. 100 participants will be randomized in a stratified manner according to the level of cognitive reserve (low/moderate/high), assigning 50 participants to the control group and 50 participants to the intervention group. The intervention group will carry out a computerized cognitive stimulation intervention designed and adapted from occupational therapy according to the level of cognitive reserve, through the "stimulus" platform. The main result expected to be achieved is the improvement of higher brain functions. As secondary results, we expect that those cognitive aspects most vulnerable to aging will decrease more slowly (in areas such as memory, executive function, attention and processing speed), and that the cognitive reserve of the participants will increase, in addition to being able to balance gender differences in these aspects. We think that these results can have a positive impact on the creation of adapted, meaningful and stimulating CS programs in older adults to prevent MCI and experience healthier aging.
正常衰老会出现细微的认知变化，这些变化在达到轻度认知障碍（MCI）标准之前就能被检测到。认知储备低且认知刺激有限的老年人恶化风险更大。在这方面，认知刺激（CS）已被确定为一种可降低这种风险的干预措施，前提是其设计要考虑到一生中获得的认知储备（CR）水平差异以及认知功能的基线水平。本研究的总体目标是通过一项随机临床试验，评估一个基于初级保健中老年人认知储备水平、从职业疗法设计和改编而来的计算机化认知刺激项目的有效性。100名参与者将根据认知储备水平（低/中/高）进行分层随机分组，50名参与者分配到对照组，50名参与者分配到干预组。干预组将通过“刺激”平台，根据认知储备水平开展一项从职业疗法设计和改编而来的计算机化认知刺激干预。预期实现的主要结果是改善高级脑功能。作为次要结果，我们期望那些最易受衰老影响的认知方面（如记忆、执行功能、注意力和处理速度等领域）下降得更慢，参与者的认知储备增加，此外还能平衡这些方面的性别差异。我们认为这些结果会对为老年人创建合适、有意义且具刺激性的认知刺激项目以预防MCI和实现更健康的衰老产生积极影响。
