Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Communicable Disease Branch Division of Disease Control and Public Health Response, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2024 Nov;67(11):961-970. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23639. Epub 2024 Sep 2.
The workplace is an important setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and transmission. Using data from a large case-control study in Colorado during 2021 and 2022, we aimed to evaluate working outside the home and SARS-CoV-2 infection, the racial and ethnic distribution of workers in occupations associated with infection, and workplace face mask use.
Cases were Colorado adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reported to Colorado's COVID-19 surveillance system selected from surveillance data ≤12 days after their specimen collection date. Control participants were randomly selected adult Coloradans with a RT-PCR-confirmed negative SARS-CoV-2 test result reported to the same surveillance system.
Working outside the home was associated with infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.54). Among participants working outside the home, "Food Preparation and Serving Related" (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.80-3.06), "Transportation and Material Moving" (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62-2.69), "Construction and Extraction" (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36-2.59), "Protective Service" (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.15-2.24), and "Sales and Related" (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22-1.69) were occupational categories most strongly associated with infection. American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black, and Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely than others to work in occupational categories with the highest odds of infection (p < 0.05). Cases were less likely than controls to report always wearing a mask (31.9% vs. 41.5%) and wearing a KN95/N95/KF94 mask (16.8% vs. 27.2%) at work.
These findings emphasize the importance of occupation and workplace mask use in the COVID-19 pandemic and its disproportionate racial/ethnic impact on workers.
工作场所是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 暴露和传播的重要场所。利用 2021 年和 2022 年科罗拉多州一项大型病例对照研究的数据，我们旨在评估外出工作与 SARS-CoV-2 感染之间的关系、与感染相关职业中工人的种族和民族分布，以及工作场所口罩使用情况。
病例为科罗拉多州成年人，其 SARS-CoV-2 检测结果为阳性，通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测，该结果通过科罗拉多州 COVID-19 监测系统报告，并从采集标本日期后 ≤12 天的监测数据中选择。对照参与者为科罗拉多州成年人，通过同一监测系统报告 SARS-CoV-2 检测结果为 RT-PCR 确认阴性。
外出工作与感染有关（比值比 [OR] = 1.46，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.39-1.54）。在外出工作的参与者中，“食品制备和供应相关”（aOR = 2.35，95%CI：1.80-3.06）、“运输和材料搬运”（aOR = 2.09，95%CI：1.62-2.69）、“建筑和开采”（aOR = 1.88，95%CI：1.36-2.59）、“保护服务”（aOR = 1.60，95%CI：1.15-2.24）和“销售及相关”（aOR = 1.44，95%CI：1.22-1.69）职业类别与感染的关联最强。与其他族裔相比，美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民、黑人以及西班牙裔/拉丁裔参与者更有可能从事感染风险最高的职业类别（p<0.05）。病例比对照更不可能报告总是在工作时佩戴口罩（31.9% vs. 41.5%）和佩戴 KN95/N95/KF94 口罩（16.8% vs. 27.2%）。
这些发现强调了职业和工作场所口罩使用在 COVID-19 大流行中的重要性，以及其对工人的不成比例的种族/族裔影响。
