Plott Caroline, Harb Tarek, Arvanitis Marios, Gerstenblith Gary, Blumenthal Roger, Leucker Thorsten
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2024 Aug 14;54:101488. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101488. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The neurocardiac axis constitutes the neuronal circuits between the arteries, heart, brain, and immune organs (including thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue) that together form the cardiovascular brain circuit. This network allows the individual to maintain homeostasis in a variety of environmental situations. However, in dysfunctional states, such as exposure to environments with chronic stressors and sympathetic activation, this axis can also contribute to the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease as well as other cardiovascular pathologies and it is increasingly being recognized as an integral part of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. This review article focuses on 1) the normal functioning of the neurocardiac axis; 2) pathophysiology of the neurocardiac axis; 3) clinical implications of this axis in hypertension, atherosclerotic disease, and heart failure with an update on treatments under investigation; and 4) quantification methods in research and clinical practice to measure components of the axis and future research areas.
神经心脏轴构成了动脉、心脏、大脑和免疫器官（包括胸腺、脾脏、淋巴结和黏膜相关淋巴组织）之间的神经回路，这些共同构成了心血管脑回路。该网络使个体能够在各种环境情况下维持体内平衡。然而，在功能失调状态下，如暴露于慢性应激源环境和交感神经激活时，这个轴也会促使动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病以及其他心血管疾病的发展，并且它越来越被认为是心血管疾病发病机制的一个组成部分。这篇综述文章重点关注：1）神经心脏轴的正常功能；2）神经心脏轴的病理生理学；3）该轴在高血压、动脉粥样硬化疾病和心力衰竭中的临床意义以及正在研究的治疗方法的最新进展；4）研究和临床实践中测量该轴各组成部分的量化方法以及未来的研究领域。
