Yang Tong, Duan Huilian, Li Yuan, Xu Ning, Wang Zehao, Li Zhenshu, Chen Yongjie, Du Yue, Zhang Meilin, Yan Jing, Sun Changqing, Wang Guangshun, Li Wen, Li Xin, Ma Fei, Huang Guowei
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
Nutr Neurosci. 2025 May;28(5):573-582. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2024.2398364. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could affect the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions might be their potential mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the relationship between MCFAs, DHA and MCI, and potential mechanisms.
This study used data from Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition (TENC) cohort study, 120 individuals were identified with new onset MCI during follow-up, 120 individuals without MCI were selected by 1:1 matching sex, age, and education levels as the control group from TENC. Conditional logistic regression analysis and mediation effect analysis were used to explore their relationship.
Higher serum octanoic acid levels (OR: 0.633, 95% CI: 0.520, 0.769), higher serum DHA levels (OR: 0.962, 95% CI: 0.942, 0.981), and more mtDNAcn (OR: 0.436, 95% CI: 0.240, 0.794) were associated with lower MCI risk, while more mtDNA deletions was associated with higher MCI risk (OR: 8.833, 95% CI: 3.909, 19.960). Mediation analysis suggested that BHB and mtDNAcn, in series, have mediation roles in the association between octanoic acid and MCI risk, and mtDNA deletions have mediation roles in the association between DHA and MCI risk.
Higher serum octanoic acid and DHA levels were associated with lower MCI risk. Octanoic acid could affect the incidence of MCI through BHB, then mitochondria function, or through mitochondria function, or directly. Serum DHA level could affect the incidence of MCI through mitochondria function, or directly.
中链脂肪酸（MCFAs）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）可能影响轻度认知障碍（MCI）的发生。β-羟基丁酸（BHB）、线粒体DNA拷贝数（mtDNAcn）和线粒体DNA（mtDNA）缺失可能是其潜在机制。本研究旨在探讨MCFAs、DHA与MCI之间的关系及其潜在机制。
本研究使用了天津老年营养与认知（TENC）队列研究的数据，随访期间120例个体被确诊为新发MCI，从TENC中按1:1匹配性别、年龄和教育水平选取120例无MCI的个体作为对照组。采用条件逻辑回归分析和中介效应分析来探讨它们之间的关系。
较高的血清辛酸水平（OR：0.633，95%CI：0.520，0.769）、较高的血清DHA水平（OR：0.962，95%CI：0.942，0.981）和更多的mtDNAcn（OR：0.436，95%CI：0.240，0.794）与较低的MCI风险相关，而更多的mtDNA缺失与较高的MCI风险相关（OR：8.833，95%CI：3.909，19.960）。中介分析表明，BHB和mtDNAcn串联在辛酸与MCI风险的关联中起中介作用，mtDNA缺失在DHA与MCI风险的关联中起中介作用。
较高的血清辛酸和DHA水平与较低的MCI风险相关。辛酸可通过BHB进而影响线粒体功能，或直接通过线粒体功能影响MCI的发生率。血清DHA水平可通过线粒体功能或直接影响MCI的发生率。
