Majhi Sasadhar
Department of Chemistry (UG & PG Dept.), Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Kazi Nazrul University, Raniganj, West Bengal, 713347, India.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2025;25(1):63-95. doi: 10.2174/0115680266311149240822111827.
-heterocycles represent a predominant and unique class of organic chemistry. They have received a lot of attention due to their important chemical, biomedical, and industrial uses. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved about 75% of drugs containing -based heterocycles, which are currently available in the market. -Heterocyclic compounds exist as the backbone of numerous natural products and act as crucial intermediates for the construction of pharmaceuticals, veterinary items, and agrochemicals frequently. Among -based heterocyclic compounds, bioactive ,-heterocycles constitute a broad spectrum of applications in modern drug discovery and development processes. Cefozopran (antibiotic), omeprazole (antiulcer), enviradine (antiviral), liarozole (anticancer), etc., are important drugs containing ,-heterocycles. The synthesis of ,-heterocyclic compounds under sustainable conditions is one of the most active fields because of their significant physiological and biological properties as well as synthetic utility. Current research is demanding the development of greener, cheaper, and milder protocols for the synthesis of ,-heterocyclic compounds to save mother nature by avoiding toxic metal catalysts, extensive application of energy, and the excessive use of hazardous materials. Nanocatalysts play a profound role in sustainable synthesis because of their larger surface area, tiny size, and minimum energy; they are eco-friendly and safe, and they provide higher yields with selectivity in comparison to conventional catalysts. It is increasingly demanding research to design and synthesize novel bioactive compounds that may help to combat cancer since the major causes of death worldwide are due to cancer. Hence, the important uses of nanocatalysts for the one-pot synthesis of biologically potent ,-heterocycles with anticancer activities have been presented in this review.
杂环化合物是有机化学中一类主要且独特的化合物。由于其在化学、生物医学和工业方面的重要用途，它们受到了广泛关注。美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的药物中约75%含有基于杂环的成分，这些药物目前在市场上均有销售。杂环化合物是众多天然产物的骨架，并且经常作为药物、兽药和农用化学品构建的关键中间体。在基于杂环的化合物中，具有生物活性的杂环在现代药物发现和开发过程中有着广泛的应用。头孢唑兰（抗生素）、奥美拉唑（抗溃疡药）、恩韦拉定（抗病毒药）、利阿唑（抗癌药）等都是含有杂环的重要药物。由于其显著的生理和生物学特性以及合成效用，在可持续条件下合成杂环化合物是最活跃的领域之一。当前的研究要求开发更绿色、更便宜、更温和的合成杂环化合物的方法，以避免使用有毒金属催化剂、大量消耗能源以及过度使用有害物质，从而保护大自然。纳米催化剂因其较大的表面积、微小的尺寸和最低的能量，在可持续合成中发挥着重要作用；它们环保且安全，与传统催化剂相比，能提供更高的产率和选择性。设计和合成可能有助于对抗癌症的新型生物活性化合物的研究需求日益增加，因为癌症是全球主要的死亡原因。因此，本综述介绍了纳米催化剂在一锅法合成具有抗癌活性的生物活性杂环化合物中的重要应用。
