Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shafa Yahyaeian Orthopedics Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2024;17:e18761429305457. doi: 10.2174/0118761429305457240826093330.
The escalating global concerns regarding reproductive health underscore the urgency of investigating the impact of environmental pollutants on fertility. This study aims to focus on Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely-used organophosphate insecticide, and explores its adverse influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in Wistar male rats. This study explores the potential protective effects of chrysin nanocrystal (CHN), a flavonoid with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, against CPF-induced impairments in male Wistar rats.
Chrysin nanocrystals were prepared using a solvent precipitation method. Six sets of male Wistar rats were subjected to 30 days of treatment, comprising a control group, a group treated solely with CPF, groups treated with CHN at doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, and groups co-treated with CPF and CHN. Serum levels of reproductive hormones, enzyme biomarkers of testicular function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed. Additionally, histological examinations were conducted on the hypothalamus, testes, and epididymis.
CHN exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, effectively counteracting CPF-induced reductions in Luteinizing Hormone (LH), serum testosterone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and testicular enzyme biomarkers. Moreover, CHN enhanced antioxidant defenses, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels in the hypothalamus, and testes, epididymis. Inflammatory markers, including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were significantly reduced in CHN co-treated groups compared to the CPF-only group. Histopathological analyses confirmed the protective effects of CHN on tissue integrity.
Chrysin nanocrystal demonstrated promising potential in mitigating CPF-induced reproductive deficits in male rats through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study provides valuable insights into therapeutic interventions against environmental toxin-induced reproductive toxicity, emphasizing the potential of chrysin nanocrystals as a protective agent in the context of CPF exposure.
全球对生殖健康的日益关注凸显了研究环境污染物对生育能力影响的紧迫性。本研究旨在关注氯吡硫磷（CPF），一种广泛使用的有机磷杀虫剂，并探讨其对 Wistar 雄性大鼠下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的不良影响。本研究探讨了具有已知抗氧化和抗炎特性的黄酮类化合物白杨素纳米晶体（CHN）对 CPF 诱导的雄性 Wistar 大鼠损伤的潜在保护作用。
采用溶剂沉淀法制备白杨素纳米晶体。六组雄性 Wistar 大鼠接受 30 天的治疗，包括对照组、单独用 CPF 治疗组、用 5mg/kg 和 10mg/kg 的 CHN 治疗组以及 CPF 和 CHN 共同治疗组。评估血清生殖激素、睾丸功能酶生物标志物、氧化应激和炎症生物标志物的水平。此外，对下丘脑、睾丸和附睾进行了组织学检查。
CHN 表现出抗氧化和抗炎特性，有效抵消了 CPF 诱导的黄体生成素（LH）、血清睾酮、卵泡刺激素（FSH）和睾丸酶生物标志物的降低。此外，CHN 增强了抗氧化防御能力，表现为下丘脑和睾丸中丙二醛（MDA）水平降低，谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平升高。CHN 共同治疗组的炎症标志物，包括一氧化氮（NO）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α），与仅用 CPF 治疗组相比显著降低。组织病理学分析证实了 CHN 对组织完整性的保护作用。
白杨素纳米晶体通过其抗炎和抗氧化特性，显示出在减轻雄性大鼠 CPF 诱导的生殖缺陷方面具有有希望的潜力。本研究为针对环境毒素诱导的生殖毒性的治疗干预提供了有价值的见解，强调了 CHN 纳米晶体作为 CPF 暴露情况下的保护剂的潜力。
