德国全国范围内18至31岁人群样本中的儿童虐待发生率。
Prevalence of child maltreatment in a nationwide sample of 18 to 31 year-olds in Germany.
作者信息
Kasinger Christoph, Schlack Robert, Brähler Elmar, Fegert Jörg M, Clemens Vera
机构信息
Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
出版信息
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2024 Sep 3;18(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s13034-024-00795-z.
BACKGROUND
Child maltreatment (CM) can have devastating and potentially lifelong effects for those affected and is a major contributor to mental health problems. To tackle public health problems it is crucial to have reliable data on CM. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and predictors of CM in a nationwide sample of the German population of young adults.
METHODS
The study population (young adults aged 18 to 31 years) stems from the KiGGS Cohort study, the longitudinal branch of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for children and adolescents. This sample meets the criteria of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicator 16.2.3. The data was collected between 2014 and 2017. CM were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in. In addition, socio-demographic variables and other known risk factors for CM were assessed. A total of 6433 (47.8% female) participants were included in the analyses. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to investigate predictors of maltreatment subtypes. Ordinal regression was used to examine their association with experience of multiple forms of CM.
RESULTS
Overall, 18.4% (f: 20.9%, m: 16.1%) of the participants reported having experienced at least one type of CM; 6.7% (f: 8.8%, m: 4.8%) reported experiences of emotional abuse, 3.7% (f: 3.9%, m: 3.5%) physical abuse, 3.5% (f: 5.3%, m: 1.7%) sexual abuse, 9.0% (f: 9.9%, m: 8.2%) emotional neglect and 8.6% (f: 8.5%, m: 8.7%) physical neglect. Gender, subjective social status, education and household dysfunction (e.g. living with an individual who is using substances) emerged as significant predictors for different types of CM. Additionally, all these factors were significant risk factors for experiencing cumulative CM.
CONCLUSIONS
CM is common in the German population, with almost one in five people experiencing at least one type of CM. The results reveal important risk factors for the occurrence of CM. In particular, people with lower social status and those who grew up in dysfunctional households are at higher risk of CM. Greater support for this vulnerable population may reduce the prevalence of CM.
背景
儿童虐待（CM）会对受影响者产生毁灭性且可能伴随一生的影响，是心理健康问题的主要促成因素。为解决公共卫生问题，获取关于儿童虐待的可靠数据至关重要。本研究的目的是评估德国全国年轻成年人样本中儿童虐待的患病率及预测因素。
方法
研究人群（18至31岁的年轻成年人）来自KiGGS队列研究，这是德国儿童和青少年健康访谈与检查调查的纵向分支。该样本符合联合国可持续发展目标（SDG）指标16.2.3的标准。数据收集于2014年至2017年期间。使用儿童创伤问卷（CTQ）评估儿童虐待情况。此外，还评估了社会人口学变量以及其他已知的儿童虐待风险因素。共有6433名参与者（47.8%为女性）纳入分析。采用二元逻辑回归分析来研究虐待亚型的预测因素。使用有序回归分析来检验它们与多种形式儿童虐待经历之间的关联。
结果
总体而言，18.4%（女性：20.9%，男性：16.1%）的参与者报告至少经历过一种类型的儿童虐待；6.7%（女性：8.8%，男性：4.8%）报告有情感虐待经历，3.7%（女性：3.9%，男性：3.5%）有身体虐待经历，3.5%（女性：5.3%，男性：1.7%）有性虐待经历，9.0%（女性：9.9%，男性：8.2%）有情感忽视经历，8.6%（女性：8.5%，男性：8.7%）有身体忽视经历。性别、主观社会地位、教育程度和家庭功能失调（例如与使用毒品的人同住）是不同类型儿童虐待的显著预测因素。此外，所有这些因素都是经历累积性儿童虐待的重要风险因素。
结论
儿童虐待在德国人群中很常见，近五分之一的人至少经历过一种类型的儿童虐待。研究结果揭示了儿童虐待发生的重要风险因素。特别是，社会地位较低以及在功能失调家庭中成长的人遭受儿童虐待的风险更高。为这一弱势群体提供更多支持可能会降低儿童虐待的患病率。
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