Witt Andreas, Brown Rebecca C, Plener Paul L, Brähler Elmar, Fegert Jörg M
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstr. 5, 89073 Ulm, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2017 Sep 29;11:47. doi: 10.1186/s13034-017-0185-0. eCollection 2017.
Child maltreatment and its consequences are considered a major public health problem. So far, there is only one study from Germany reporting prevalence rates on different types of maltreatment.
A representative sample of the German general population was examined for experiences of child maltreatment using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) between September and November 2016. A total of 2510 (53.3% female) participants between 14 and 94 years (M = 48.8 years) were enrolled. Besides the CTQ, a range of sociodemographic information was collected. The interrelatedness of different types of maltreatment was examined using configuration analysis and predictors for maltreatment were identified by performing binary logistic regression analyses.
Overall, 2.6% (f: 3.9%, m: 1.2%) of all participants reported severe emotional abuse, 3.3% (f: 3.4%, m: 3.3%) severe physical abuse, 2.3% (f: 3.7%, m: 0.7%) severe sexual abuse, 7.1% (f: 8.1%, m: 5.9%) severe emotional neglect and 9% (f: 9.2%, m: 8.9%) severe physical neglect. Women were more likely to report at least moderate sexual and emotional abuse than men. The largest difference between age groups was reported for physical neglect, with participants aged over 70 years reporting the highest rates. Participants who reported childhood maltreatment were more likely to be unemployed or have lower educational outcomes. The most common combination of maltreatment types were physical and emotional neglect, all five types of maltreatment combined and physical and emotional neglect and physical abuse combined.
Child maltreatment, especially physical neglect is common in the German population. Women seem to be at greater risk for sexual and emotional abuse than men. Knowledge about different types of maltreatment based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) can help to put findings of future studies into an epidemiological and societal context.
儿童虐待及其后果被视为一个主要的公共卫生问题。到目前为止，德国仅有一项研究报告了不同类型虐待的患病率。
2016年9月至11月期间，使用儿童创伤问卷（CTQ）对德国普通人群的一个代表性样本进行了儿童虐待经历调查。共招募了2510名年龄在14至94岁（平均年龄M = 48.8岁）之间的参与者（女性占53.3%）。除了CTQ外，还收集了一系列社会人口统计学信息。使用构型分析检查不同类型虐待之间的相关性，并通过二元逻辑回归分析确定虐待的预测因素。
总体而言，所有参与者中有2.6%（女性：3.9%，男性：1.2%）报告遭受过严重情感虐待，3.3%（女性：3.4%，男性：3.3%）报告遭受过严重身体虐待，2.3%（女性：3.7%，男性：0.7%）报告遭受过严重性虐待，7.1%（女性：8.1%，男性：5.9%）报告遭受过严重情感忽视，9%（女性：9.2%，男性：8.9%）报告遭受过严重身体忽视。女性比男性更有可能报告至少中度的性虐待和情感虐待。各年龄组之间身体忽视的差异最大，70岁以上的参与者报告率最高。报告童年受虐的参与者更有可能失业或教育水平较低。最常见的虐待类型组合是身体和情感忽视、所有五种虐待类型同时存在以及身体和情感忽视与身体虐待同时存在。
儿童虐待，尤其是身体忽视，在德国人群中很常见。女性似乎比男性遭受性虐待和情感虐待的风险更大。基于儿童创伤问卷（CTQ）了解不同类型的虐待有助于将未来研究的结果置于流行病学和社会背景中。
