Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 20;15:1439485. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1439485. eCollection 2024.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying its development remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of RNA modifications in HCC progression, which indicates their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for managing HCC. In this review, we discuss the functional role and molecular mechanisms of RNA modifications in HCC through a review and summary of relevant literature, to explore the potential therapeutic agents and biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic of HCC. This review indicates that specific RNA modification pathways, such as N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, N7-methylguanosine, and N1-methyladenosine, are erroneously regulated and are involved in the proliferation, autophagy, innate immunity, invasion, metastasis, immune cell infiltration, and drug resistance of HCC. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC, as well as potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC by targeting specific RNA-modifying enzymes or recognition proteins. More than ten RNA-modifying regulators showed the potential for use for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision utility biomarkers of HCC. Their application value for HCC biomarkers necessitates extensive multi-center sample validation in the future. A growing number of RNA modifier inhibitors are being developed, but the lack of preclinical experiments and clinical studies targeting RNA modification in HCC poses a significant obstacle, and further research is needed to evaluate their application value in HCC treatment. In conclusion, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the complex interplay between RNA modifications and HCC while emphasizing the promising potential of RNA modifications as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for managing HCC.
肝细胞癌 (HCC) 是一种侵袭性强、预后差的癌症。其发病机制尚不清楚。最近的研究强调了 RNA 修饰在 HCC 进展中的关键作用，这表明它们有作为治疗靶点和管理 HCC 的生物标志物的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们通过回顾和总结相关文献，讨论了 RNA 修饰在 HCC 中的功能作用和分子机制，以探讨 HCC 的诊断和预后的潜在治疗剂和生物标志物。这篇综述表明，特定的 RNA 修饰途径，如 N6-甲基腺苷、5-甲基胞嘧啶、N7-甲基鸟苷和 N1-甲基腺苷，被错误调节，并参与 HCC 的增殖、自噬、先天免疫、侵袭、转移、免疫细胞浸润和耐药性。这些发现为理解 HCC 的分子机制提供了新的视角，也为通过靶向特定的 RNA 修饰酶或识别蛋白来诊断和治疗 HCC 提供了潜在的靶点。超过十种 RNA 修饰调节剂显示出作为 HCC 诊断、预后和治疗决策效用生物标志物的潜力。它们在 HCC 生物标志物中的应用价值需要在未来进行广泛的多中心样本验证。越来越多的 RNA 修饰剂抑制剂正在开发中，但针对 HCC 中 RNA 修饰的缺乏临床前实验和临床研究仍然是一个重大障碍，需要进一步研究来评估它们在 HCC 治疗中的应用价值。总之，本综述深入了解了 RNA 修饰与 HCC 之间的复杂相互作用，同时强调了 RNA 修饰作为治疗靶点和管理 HCC 的生物标志物的有前途的潜力。
