Fagoonee Sharmila, Weiskirchen Ralf
Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", 10126 Turin, Italy.
Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
Cells. 2024 Nov 21;13(23):1935. doi: 10.3390/cells13231935.
Hepatobiliary cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), are among the deadliest malignancies worldwide, leading to a significant number of cancer-related deaths. While bone metastases from these cancers are rare, they are highly aggressive and linked to poor prognosis. This review focuses on RNA-based molecular mechanisms that contribute to bone metastasis from hepatobiliary cancers. Specifically, the role of two key factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which have not been extensively studied in the context of HCC and CCA, is discussed. These molecules often exhibit abnormal expression in hepatobiliary tumors, influencing cancer cell spread and metastasis by disrupting bone homeostasis, thereby aiding tumor cell migration and survival in the bone microenvironment. This review also discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting these RNA-based pathways to reduce bone metastasis and improve patient outcomes. Further research is crucial for developing effective miRNA- and RBP-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and treatments to prevent bone metastases in hepatobiliary cancers.
肝癌，如肝细胞癌（HCC）和胆管癌（CCA），是全球最致命的恶性肿瘤之一，导致大量癌症相关死亡。虽然这些癌症的骨转移很少见，但它们具有高度侵袭性且与预后不良有关。本综述聚焦于导致肝癌骨转移的基于RNA的分子机制。具体而言，讨论了两个关键因素——微小RNA（miRNA）和RNA结合蛋白（RBP）的作用，它们在HCC和CCA背景下尚未得到广泛研究。这些分子在肝胆肿瘤中常表现出异常表达，通过破坏骨稳态影响癌细胞的扩散和转移，从而有助于肿瘤细胞在骨微环境中的迁移和存活。本综述还讨论了针对这些基于RNA的途径的潜在治疗策略，以减少骨转移并改善患者预后。进一步的研究对于开发有效的基于miRNA和RBP的诊断和预后生物标志物以及预防肝癌骨转移的治疗方法至关重要。
