Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Russas, CE, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2024 Sep 2;57:e004142024. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0158-2024. eCollection 2024.
Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. It is a neglected tropical disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. The objective of this study was to analyze the trachoma-associated morbidity and mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2022. This ecological time-series study was based on secondary data on trachoma obtained from hospital admissions (trachoma as the primary or secondary cause) and death certificates (trachoma as the underlying or associated cause).
We calculated the sex- and age-standardized rates of hospital admissions and trachoma-specific mortality according to sociodemographic variables and analyzed the spatial distribution.
We identified 141/263,292,807 hospital admissions (primary cause: 83.0%) and 126/27,596,830 death certificates (associated cause: 91.3%) related to trachoma. Trachoma-related sequelae were reported in 8.5% of hospital admissions and 6.3% of death certificates. Trachoma was more common in males (hospital admissions and death certificates), people aged ≥70 years (hospital admissions and death certificates), those with brown skin (hospital admissions and death certificates), and those living in the North (hospital admissions) and Northeast (death certificates) regions of Brazil.
Despite the relatively low rates of trachoma morbidity in Brazil, the associated mortality rates are of concern. The heterogeneous patterns of occurrence in the country in terms of population and territory reinforce the need to evaluate and monitor the available data, despite the low prevalence, in order to achieve and maintain the elimination targets in Brazil in the future.
沙眼是全球致盲的首要传染性病因。它是一种由沙眼衣原体引起的被忽视的热带病。本研究的目的是分析 2000 年至 2022 年巴西的沙眼相关发病率和死亡率。这项生态时间序列研究基于从住院（沙眼为主要或次要病因）和死亡证明（沙眼为潜在或相关病因）获得的沙眼相关发病率的二级数据。
我们根据社会人口统计学变量计算了住院和沙眼特异性死亡率的性别和年龄标准化率，并分析了空间分布。
我们确定了 141/263,292,807 例住院治疗（主要病因：83.0%）和 126/27,596,830 例死亡证明（相关病因：91.3%）与沙眼有关。在住院和死亡证明中，分别有 8.5%和 6.3%报告了沙眼相关后遗症。在住院和死亡证明中，男性（住院和死亡证明）、≥70 岁的人群（住院和死亡证明）、棕色皮肤的人群（住院和死亡证明）以及巴西北部（住院）和东北部（死亡证明）地区的人群中，沙眼更为常见。
尽管巴西的沙眼发病率相对较低，但相关死亡率仍令人担忧。该国在人口和领土方面存在的异质发病模式，强调了在未来为实现和维持巴西的消除目标，需要评估和监测现有数据，尽管其患病率较低。
