Laboratory for the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi‑arid Zones, University Center of Naama, 45000, Naama, Algeria.
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory for Mechanical and Civil Structures and Soil, University Center of Naama, 45000, Naama, Algeria.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Sep 4;196(10):886. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13065-4.
Groundwater serves a range of essential functions such as supplying drinking water, facilitating agricultural practices, and supporting industrial processes. This study examines with multiple methods the quality of groundwater in the agricultural region of Dzira, Algeria. By collecting 38 groundwater samples of different wells and boreholes, valuable awareness of the aptness of groundwater for irrigation in this arid landscape was gained. Most wells met Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) criteria for the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the potential of hydrogen pH, but some areas had higher mineral content and electrical conductivity. Results show significant TDS variations, with 10.81% of wells exceeding limits and acceptable pH levels. Elevated EC values in 67.57% of wells show high salinity, affecting soil and plant growth. Major ions such as Mg and SO exceeded FAO standards in 43.24% and 64.86% of wells, respectively, highlighting substantial mineral content in the groundwater. Suitability indices reveal that most wells pose low sodium hazards and are generally suitable for irrigation, though some areas face moderate to high restrictions. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) ranged from 45.36 to 96.30, averaging 80.77, with 54.04% classified as "low restriction," suitable for sandy soils with good permeability but requiring caution on salt-sensitive soils. Hydrogeochemical analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identifies rapid evaporite dissolution from Triassic saline formations, with a correlation matrix showing associations between TDS and Ca⁺, Mg⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻, and SO₄⁻. This mineralization is likely from gypsum and halite. Zoning maps based on IWQI and other parameters depicted spatial variations in groundwater quality, guiding effective irrigation management strategies. Overall, the study underscores the importance of comprehensive water quality assessment for sustainable agriculture and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to mitigate potential challenges associated with soil salinity and sodicity. Therefore, these findings can be useful to decision-makers and stakeholders in order to optimize water use and protect this vital resource.
地下水在提供饮用水、促进农业生产和支持工业过程等方面发挥着重要作用。本研究采用多种方法对阿尔及利亚 Dzira 农业区的地下水质量进行了研究。通过收集 38 个不同水井和钻孔的地下水样本，获得了对该干旱地区地下水灌溉适宜性的宝贵认识。大多数水井符合粮农组织（FAO）关于总溶解固体（TDS）和氢离子潜能（pH）的标准，但有些地区的矿物质含量和电导率较高。结果表明，TDS 变化显著，有 10.81%的水井超过了限值和可接受的 pH 值。67.57%的水井中 EC 值升高表明盐分高，影响土壤和植物生长。主要离子如 Mg 和 SO 在 43.24%和 64.86%的水井中超过了 FAO 标准，突出了地下水的大量矿物质含量。适宜性指数表明，大多数水井的钠离子危害较低，总体上适合灌溉，但有些地区面临中等至高度限制。灌溉水质量指数（IWQI）范围为 45.36 至 96.30，平均值为 80.77，其中 54.04%被归类为“低限制”，适用于渗透性良好的沙质土壤，但对盐敏感的土壤需要谨慎。基于主成分分析（PCA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）的水文地球化学分析确定了三叠纪盐岩地层中蒸发盐的快速溶解，相关矩阵显示 TDS 与 Ca⁺、Mg⁺、Na⁺、Cl⁻和 SO₄⁻之间存在关联。这种矿化作用可能来自石膏和岩盐。基于 IWQI 和其他参数的分区图描绘了地下水质量的空间变化，为有效的灌溉管理策略提供了指导。总的来说，该研究强调了全面水质评估对可持续农业的重要性，并强调了需要采取有针对性的干预措施来减轻与土壤盐度和碱度相关的潜在挑战。因此，这些发现对决策者和利益相关者具有重要意义，有助于优化水资源利用，保护这一重要资源。
