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卤化物钙钛矿引发烯丙基C-H胺化的卤素/氢原子转移(XAT/HAT)反应。

Halide Perovskite Induces Halogen/Hydrogen Atom Transfer (XAT/HAT) for Allylic C-H Amination.

作者信息

Shaikh Melad, Rubalcaba Kevin, Yan Yong

机构信息

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 92182, San Diego, CA, USA.

出版信息

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025 Jan 2;64(1):e202413012. doi: 10.1002/anie.202413012. Epub 2024 Oct 29.

Abstract

Allylic C-H amination has emerged as a powerful tool to construct allylamines, common motifs in molecular therapeutics. Such reaction implies an oxidative path for C-H activation but furnishes reductive amines, inferring mild oxidants' inactivity for C-H oxidation but strong oxidants' detriment to products. Herein we report a heterogeneous catalytic approach that manipulates halogen-vacancies of perovskite photocatalyst and exploits halogenated-solvents (i.e. CHCl, CHBr) as mild oxidants for selective C-H allyl amination with 19,376 turnovers. CsPbBr nanocrystals induce cooperative hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT, C-H oxidation, and halogen-vacancy CsPbBr formation) and halogen-atom-transfer (XAT, CsPbBr-induced solvent reduction) under a radical chain mechanism. Terminal/internal olefins are amenable to forge aromatic/aliphatic, cyclic/acyclic, secondary/tertiary allylamines (70 examples), including drugs or their derivatives.

摘要

烯丙基C-H胺化反应已成为构建烯丙胺的有力工具,烯丙胺是分子治疗中的常见结构单元。这种反应意味着C-H活化的氧化途径,但生成的是还原胺,这表明温和氧化剂对C-H氧化无活性,而强氧化剂对产物有害。在此,我们报道了一种多相催化方法,该方法操纵钙钛矿光催化剂的卤素空位,并利用卤代溶剂(即CHCl、CHBr)作为温和氧化剂进行选择性C-H烯丙基胺化反应,周转次数达19376。CsPbBr纳米晶体在自由基链机制下诱导协同氢原子转移(HAT,C-H氧化,以及卤素空位CsPbBr的形成)和卤素原子转移(XAT,CsPbBr诱导的溶剂还原)。末端/内烯烃适用于合成芳香族/脂肪族、环状/非环状、仲/叔烯丙胺(70个例子),包括药物或其衍生物。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bcfe/11701359/c5337e5107d3/ANIE-64-e202413012-g004.jpg

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