Murrah V A
J Oral Pathol. 1985 Apr;14(4):271-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1985.tb00494.x.
Oral research concerning diabetes mellitus has revealed a number of clinical implications. These include, among others, the need for more intense management of the diabetic patient with periodontal disease because tissue destruction may be accelerated, the need for rapid control of oral infection in these patients in order to prevent exacerbation of the existing metabolic imbalance, and the desirability of performing a screening for diabetes mellitus on all patients exhibiting asymptomatic parotid enlargement. Despite the explosion of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus that has occurred since the discovery of insulin, its definitive etiology continues to elude the scientific community and its treatment remains in the realm of clinical management rather than in that of prevention and cure. In the past, research on diabetes has focused on the role of insulin in seeking the fundamental etiology of diabetes and its complications. With the progression of research, it has become apparent that the initiation and progression of the disease probably involve the interplay of a multiplicity of factors. Hereditary and immunologic factors, as suggested earlier, appear to be operated on by environmental factors, subsequently altering the body's metabolic milieu with widespread primary and secondary effects. Fertile areas for future oral research in diabetes mellitus will include, therefore, genetics, immunology, enzymology, and basement membrane pathology. On the cellular and molecular levels, particularly, the oral cavity and associated structures comprise a somewhat under-investigated area in diabetes mellitus research and, thus, hold great promise for increasing our knowledge of this complex disease.
关于糖尿病的口腔研究揭示了许多临床意义。其中包括，除其他外，对于患有牙周病的糖尿病患者需要进行更强化的管理，因为组织破坏可能会加速；需要快速控制这些患者的口腔感染，以防止现有代谢失衡的加剧；以及对所有出现无症状腮腺肿大的患者进行糖尿病筛查的必要性。尽管自胰岛素发现以来，有关糖尿病的知识呈爆炸式增长，但其确切病因仍未被科学界掌握，其治疗仍停留在临床管理层面，而非预防和治愈层面。过去，糖尿病研究主要集中在胰岛素在探寻糖尿病及其并发症的根本病因方面的作用。随着研究的进展，很明显该疾病的发生和发展可能涉及多种因素的相互作用。如前所述，遗传和免疫因素似乎受到环境因素的影响，随后改变身体的代谢环境，产生广泛的原发性和继发性影响。因此，未来糖尿病口腔研究的重点领域将包括遗传学、免疫学、酶学和基底膜病理学。特别是在细胞和分子水平上，口腔及相关结构在糖尿病研究中是一个研究较少的领域，因此，有望极大地增进我们对这种复杂疾病的了解。
