Barranco-Gil David, Hernández-Belmonte Alejandro, Rodríguez-Rielves Víctor, Iriberri Jon, Martínez-Cava Alejandro, Buendía-Romero Ángel, Alejo Lidia B, Franco-Lopez Francisco, Sanchez-Redondo Iván R, DE Pablos Raúl, Lucia Alejandro, Valenzuela Pedro L, Pallares Jesús G
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN.
Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, SPAIN.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2025 Feb 1;57(2):296-304. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003556. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
This study compared the effects of off- and on-bike resistance training (RT) on endurance cycling performance as well as muscle strength, power, and structure.
Well-trained male cyclists were randomly assigned to incorporate two sessions/week of off-bike (full squats, n = 12) or on-bike (all-out efforts performed against very high resistances and thus at very low cadences, n = 12) RT during 10 wk, with all RT-related variables (number of sessions, sets, and repetitions, duration of recovery periods, and relative loads [70% of one-repetition maximum]) matched between the two groups. A third, control group ( n = 13), did not receive any RT stimulus, but all groups completed a cycling training regime of the same volume and intensity. Outcomes included maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), off-bike muscle strength (full squat) and on-bike ("pedaling") muscle strength, and peak power capacity (Wingate test), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-determined body composition (muscle/fat mass), and muscle structure (cross-sectional area, pennation angle).
No significant within/between-group effect was found for V̇O 2max . Both the off-bike (mean Δ = 2.6%-5.8%) and on-bike (4.5%-7.3%) RT groups increased squat and pedaling-specific strength parameters after the intervention compared with the control group (-5.8% to -3.9%) ( P < 0.05) with no significant differences between them. The two RT groups also increased Wingate performance (4.1% and 4.3%, respectively, vs -4.9% in the control group, P ≤ 0.018), with similar results for muscle cross-sectional area (2.5% and 2.2%, vs -2.3% in the control group, P ≤ 0.008). No significant within/between-group effect was found for body composition.
The new proposed on-bike RT could be an effective alternative to conventional off-bike RT training for improving overall and pedaling-specific muscle strength, power, and muscle mass.
本研究比较了非骑行和骑行阻力训练（RT）对耐力骑行表现以及肌肉力量、功率和结构的影响。
训练有素的男性自行车运动员被随机分配，在10周内每周进行两次非骑行（全蹲，n = 12）或骑行（在非常高的阻力下全力骑行，因此踏频非常低，n = 12）RT，两组之间所有与RT相关的变量（训练次数、组数和重复次数、恢复时间和相对负荷[一次重复最大值的70%]）均匹配。第三个对照组（n = 13）未接受任何RT刺激，但所有组都完成了相同量和强度的骑行训练方案。结果包括最大摄氧量（V̇O₂max）、非骑行肌肉力量（全蹲）和骑行（“踩踏”）肌肉力量、峰值功率能力（温盖特测试）、双能X线吸收法测定的身体成分（肌肉/脂肪量）和肌肉结构（横截面积、羽状角）。
V̇O₂max在组内/组间未发现显著影响。与对照组（-5.8%至-3.9%）相比，干预后非骑行（平均变化=2.6%-5.8%）和骑行（4.5%-7.3%）RT组的深蹲和踩踏特定力量参数均增加（P<0.05），两组之间无显著差异。两个RT组的温盖特测试表现也有所提高（分别为4.1%和4.3%，对照组为-4.9%，P≤0.018），肌肉横截面积结果相似（分别为2.5%和2.2%，对照组为-2.3%，P≤0.008）。身体成分在组内/组间未发现显著影响。
新提出的骑行RT可能是传统非骑行RT训练的有效替代方法，可提高整体和踩踏特定的肌肉力量、功率和肌肉质量。
