Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, South Korea.
Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, South Korea; Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, South Korea.
Cognition. 2024 Dec;253:105938. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105938. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Do people have accurate metacognition of non-uniformities in perceptual resolution across (i.e., eccentricity) and around (i.e., polar angle) the visual field? Despite its theoretical and practical importance, this question has not yet been empirically tested. This study investigated metacognition of perceptual resolution by guessing patterns during a degradation (i.e., loss of high spatial frequencies) localization task. Participants localized the degraded face among the nine faces that simultaneously appeared throughout the visual field: fovea (fixation at the center of the screen), parafovea (left, right, above, and below fixation at 4° eccentricity), and periphery (left, right, above, and below fixation at 10° eccentricity). We presumed that if participants had accurate metacognition, in the absence of a degraded face, they would exhibit compensatory guessing patterns based on counterfactual reasoning ("The degraded face must have been presented at locations with lower perceptual resolution, because if it were presented at locations with higher perceptual resolution, I would have easily detected it."), meaning that we would expect more guess responses for locations with lower perceptual resolution. In two experiments, we observed guessing patterns that suggest that people can monitor non-uniformities in perceptual resolution across, but not around, the visual field during tasks, indicating partial in-the-moment metacognition. Additionally, we found that global explicit knowledge of perceptual resolution is not sufficient to guide in-the-moment metacognition during tasks, which suggests a dissociation between local and global metacognition.
人们是否能准确地意识到（即，在视野的外围）和感知分辨率（即，在视野的外围）之间的非均匀性？尽管这一问题具有理论和实际意义，但尚未经过实证检验。本研究通过在退化（即，失去高空间频率）定位任务中猜测模式来研究感知分辨率的元认知。参与者在九个同时出现在整个视野中的面孔中定位退化的面孔：中央凹（屏幕中心的注视）、旁中心（注视左、右、上、下 4°处的位置）和周边（注视左、右、上、下 10°处的位置）。我们假设，如果参与者具有准确的元认知，在没有退化的面孔的情况下，他们会根据反事实推理表现出补偿性的猜测模式（“退化的面孔一定出现在感知分辨率较低的位置，因为如果它出现在感知分辨率较高的位置，我就会很容易地察觉到它。”），这意味着我们会期望在感知分辨率较低的位置有更多的猜测反应。在两个实验中，我们观察到的猜测模式表明，在任务中，人们可以监控视野中的（但不是周围的）感知分辨率的非均匀性，这表明存在部分即时元认知。此外，我们发现，感知分辨率的全局显性知识不足以指导任务中的即时元认知，这表明局部和全局元认知之间存在分离。
