School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
Yunnan Appraisal Center for Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Kunming 650032, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2024 Jul 18;35(7):1979-1987. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202407.029.
We assessed the diversity, composition, and distribution of bird species in patches of semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest by selecting eight natural forest communities in the central Yunnan Plateau, which is a representative distribution area of semi-humid broad-leaved evergreen forest. Field observations were conducted from April to August 2023 by the sample line and sample point method, and eight survey routes of 3-4 km in length were established. The results showed that 1) A total of 1286 birds were recorded, belonging to 102 species in 7 orders and 30 families. The three most abundant families were Muscicapidae (14 species), Leiothrichidae (9 species), and Phylloscopidae (7 species); 2) Species of Oriental origin, Palaearctic origin, and widespread species accounted for 81.4%, 4.9%, and 13.7% of observations, respectively; 3) The average number of bird species surveyed in forest patches was 32.0±3.5; the Shannon index of birds was lower in secondary, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests (1.536±0.110) than in primary forest communities (2.037±0.100); 4) Species composition exhibited considerable variation between patches, with the presence of dominant and common species, and the difference in rare species; 5) Considering the ecological groups of birds based on diet, invertebrate-eating and omnivorous birds, herbivorous birds, and carnivorous birds accounted for 84.3%, 11.8%, and 3.9%, respectively. The coexistence of birds with similar diets was maintained by diluting interspecific competition, mainly through partitioning of the vertical feeding space. For the conservation of bird species diversity and rare species, all patches of native semi-humid evergreenbroad-leaved forest are of conservation value.
我们评估了云南中部高原 8 个天然森林群落中半湿润常绿阔叶林斑块的鸟类物种多样性、组成和分布，该地区是半湿润常绿阔叶林的典型分布区。2023 年 4 月至 8 月，采用样线和样点法进行实地观测，共设置了 8 条 3-4 公里长的调查路线。结果表明：1）共记录到鸟类 1286 种，隶属于 7 目 30 科 102 种。最丰富的 3 个科是鹟科（14 种）、噪鹛科（9 种）和苇莺科（7 种）；2）东洋种、古北种和广布种分别占观测到的鸟类种类的 81.4%、4.9%和 13.7%；3）森林斑块中鸟类的平均种类数为 32.0±3.5；鸟类的香农多样性指数在次生林和半湿润常绿阔叶林（1.536±0.110）中低于原始林群落（2.037±0.100）；4）斑块间的物种组成差异较大，既有优势种和常见种，也有稀有种；5）根据鸟类的饮食生态类群，食虫和杂食鸟类、草食性鸟类和肉食性鸟类分别占 84.3%、11.8%和 3.9%。食性相似的鸟类通过稀释种间竞争，主要通过垂直取食空间的划分，维持共存。为了保护鸟类物种多样性和稀有物种，所有原生半湿润常绿阔叶林斑块都具有保护价值。
