Li Jun, He Changcai, Liu Shihang, Guo Yuting, Zhang Yuxiu, Zhang Lanjing, Zhou Xu, Xu Dongyu, Luo Xu, Liu Hongying, Yang Xiaorong, Wang Yang, Shi Jun, Yang Bin, Wang Jing, Wang Pingrong, Deng Xiaojian, Sun Changhui
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Aug 21;15:1454615. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1454615. eCollection 2024.
In plants, carbohydrates are central products of photosynthesis. Rice is a staple that contributes to the daily calorie intake for over half of the world's population. Hence, the primary objective of rice cultivation is to maximize carbohydrate production. The "source-sink" theory is proposed as a valuable principle for guiding crop breeding. However, the "flow" research lag, especially in sugar transport, has hindered high-yield rice breeding progress. This review concentrates on the genetic and molecular foundations of sugar transport and its regulation, enhancing the fundamental understanding of sugar transport processes in plants. We illustrate that the apoplastic pathway is predominant over the symplastic pathway during phloem loading in rice. Sugar transport proteins, such as SUTs and SWEETs, are essential carriers for sugar transportation in the apoplastic pathway. Additionally, we have summarized a regulatory pathway for sugar transport genes in rice, highlighting the roles of transcription factors (OsDOF11, OsNF-YB1, OsNF-YC12, OsbZIP72, Nhd1), OsRRM (RNA Recognition Motif containing protein), and GFD1 (Grain Filling Duration 1). Recognizing that the research shortfall in this area stems from a lack of advanced research methods, we discuss cutting-edge analytical techniques such as Mass Spectrometry Imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing, which could provide profound insights into the dynamics of sugar distribution and the associated regulatory mechanisms. In summary, this comprehensive review serves as a valuable guide, directing researchers toward a deep understanding and future study of the intricate mechanisms governing sugar transport.
在植物中，碳水化合物是光合作用的核心产物。水稻是一种主食，为世界上超过一半的人口提供每日热量摄入。因此，水稻种植的主要目标是最大限度地提高碳水化合物产量。“源-库”理论被提出作为指导作物育种的宝贵原则。然而，“流”的研究滞后，特别是在糖分运输方面，阻碍了高产水稻育种的进展。本综述集中于糖分运输及其调控的遗传和分子基础，增进对植物糖分运输过程的基本理解。我们阐明，在水稻韧皮部装载过程中，质外体途径比共质体途径占主导地位。糖分运输蛋白，如蔗糖转运蛋白（SUTs）和己糖转运蛋白（SWEETs），是质外体途径中糖分运输的关键载体。此外，我们总结了水稻中糖分运输基因的调控途径，突出了转录因子（OsDOF11、OsNF-YB1、OsNF-YC12、OsbZIP72、Nhd1）、含RNA识别基序蛋白（OsRRM）和灌浆持续时间1（GFD1）的作用。认识到该领域的研究不足源于缺乏先进的研究方法，我们讨论了前沿分析技术，如质谱成像和单细胞RNA测序，这些技术可以为糖分分布动态及相关调控机制提供深刻见解。总之，这篇全面的综述是一份有价值的指南，引导研究人员深入理解和未来研究控制糖分运输的复杂机制。
