Gerymski Rafał, Dymecka Joanna, Iszczuk Adrianna, Bidzan Mariola
Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole, Poland.
St. Hedwig's Provincial Specialist Hospital, Opole, Poland.
Health Psychol Rep. 2023 Nov 23;12(3):197-208. doi: 10.5114/hpr/174380. eCollection 2024.
The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the functioning and well-being of pregnant women. Negative feelings during pregnancy and the difficult pandemic situation may be the reason behind the perceived fear of childbirth, which can negatively affect the pregnant women's life satisfaction. On the other hand, some protective factors, such as self-esteem, might mediate the relationship between perceived stress and well-being in pregnant women.
Our study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived stress, fear of childbirth, self-esteem and life satisfaction. A total of 262 Polish pregnant women participated in this study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Fear of Childbirth Scale (KLP II), Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used in the study.
The results showed that perceived stress, fear of childbirth and self-esteem acted as significant predictors of life satisfaction in the tested group of pregnant women. Additionally, fear of childbirth and self-esteem played a mediational role in the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction.
According to Diener's concept, life satisfaction is an important component of one's subjective well-being and health. Therefore, it is important to analyse factors that may mediate the impact of stress on pregnant women's life satisfaction. The present results might suggest that during pregnancy and preparation for childbirth, women should be provided with appropriate psychological care. Support from medical and psychological specialists, as well as from relatives, can reduce the level of perceived fears and strengthen personal resources. Based on the present results, we conclude that the fear of childbirth and the self-esteem of pregnant women should not be underestimated, as they are important predictors of their life satisfaction.
新冠疫情对孕妇的生活和健康产生了负面影响。孕期的负面情绪以及艰难的疫情形势可能是导致孕妇对分娩感到恐惧的原因，而这种恐惧会对孕妇的生活满意度产生负面影响。另一方面，一些保护因素，如自尊，可能会调节孕妇感知到的压力与幸福感之间的关系。
我们的研究旨在确定感知到的压力、对分娩的恐惧、自尊与生活满意度之间的关系。共有262名波兰孕妇参与了本研究。研究中使用了感知压力量表（PSS - 10）、分娩恐惧量表（KLP II）、自尊量表（SES）和生活满意度量表（SWLS）。
结果表明，在受试的孕妇群体中，感知到的压力、对分娩的恐惧和自尊是生活满意度的重要预测因素。此外，对分娩的恐惧和自尊在感知压力与生活满意度之间的关系中起到了中介作用。
根据迪纳的概念，生活满意度是个人主观幸福感和健康的重要组成部分。因此，分析可能调节压力对孕妇生活满意度影响的因素很重要。目前的结果可能表明，在孕期和分娩准备期间，应为女性提供适当的心理护理。来自医学和心理专家以及亲属的支持可以降低感知到的恐惧程度并增强个人资源。基于目前的结果，我们得出结论，不应低估孕妇对分娩的恐惧和自尊，因为它们是其生活满意度的重要预测因素。
