State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China.
Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Nov;11(42):e2407221. doi: 10.1002/advs.202407221. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
Proper development of the placenta, the transient support organ forms after embryo implantation, is essential for a successful pregnancy. However, the regulation of trophoblast invasion, which is most important during placentation, remains largely unknown. Here, rats, mice, and pigs are used as biomedical models, used scRNA-seq to comparatively elucidate the regulatory mechanism of placental trophoblast invasion, and verified it using a human preeclampsia disease model combined with scStereo-seq. A dual-featured type of immune-featured trophoblast (iTrophoblast) is unexpectedly discovered. Interestingly, iTrophoblast only exists in invasive placentas and regulates trophoblast invasion during placentation. In a normally developing placenta, iTrophoblast gradually transforms from an immature state into a functional mature state as it develops. Whereas in the developmentally abnormal preeclamptic placenta, disordered iTrophoblast transformation leads to the accumulation of immature iTrophoblasts, thereby disrupting trophoblast invasion and ultimately leading to the progression of preeclampsia.
胎盘是胚胎植入后形成的暂时性支持器官，其正常发育对于成功妊娠至关重要。然而，胎盘形成过程中最重要的滋养细胞浸润的调控机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用大鼠、小鼠和猪作为生物医学模型，通过 scRNA-seq 比较阐明了胎盘滋养细胞浸润的调控机制，并结合 scStereo-seq 对其进行了验证。我们意外地发现了一种具有双重特征的免疫特征滋养细胞（iTrophoblast）。有趣的是，iTrophoblast 仅存在于浸润性胎盘组织中，并在胎盘形成过程中调节滋养细胞浸润。在正常发育的胎盘组织中，iTrophoblast 在发育过程中逐渐从不成熟状态转变为功能成熟状态。然而，在发育异常的子痫前期胎盘组织中，iTrophoblast 的异常转化导致不成熟的 iTrophoblast 积累，从而破坏滋养细胞浸润，最终导致子痫前期的进展。
