Wang Yi, Li Wen-Shan, Zhan Peng-Fei, Wang Hang
1 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
2 National Plateau Wetlands Research Center/College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2024 Jun;35(6):1705-1715. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.031.
Understanding the composition and spatial distribution patterns of microbial communities in plateau peatland soils is crucial for preserving the structural and functional stability of highland wetlands. We collected 50 soil samples from the core conservation area of Zoige peatland along horizontal and vertical distributions to analyze the soil bacterial and fungal diversity by using high-throughput sequencing technology, combined with Mantel tests and multiple regression on matrices (MRM) statistical methods, as well as the spatial distribution characteristics of community structure similarity at a local scale. The results showed that the dominant soil bacterial and fungal groups were Chloroflexi (accounting for 33.2% and 25.1% of the total bacterial community in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively) and Ascomycota (54.7% and 76.4%). The similarity of microbial community structure in both horizontal and vertical directions decreased with increasing spatial distance of the sampling points. The turnover rates of bacterial and fungal communities in the vertical direction were 8.8 and 8.6 times as those in the horizontal direction, respectively. Based on the relative abundance of the communities, we classified microbes into six groups. As the number of rare species in the community increased, the slope of community distance decay decreased. The conditionally rare or abundant taxa (CRAT) category group showed the most similar spatial distribution characteristics to the total microbial community. Mantel analysis indicated that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus were key factors driving the distribution of bacterial and fungal communities in the horizontal direction, while soil organic carbon, available carbon, pH, and soil bulk density were the main factors determining the vertical distribution. MRM analysis further showed that both soil physicochemical indicators and spatial distance significantly affected the assembly of microbial communities, where soil factors explained more about the vertical distribution of microbial communities than the horizontal distribution. The impact of soil factors on microbial community distribution was much greater than that of spatial factors through diffusion limitation. In summary, the microbial communities in the plateau peatland soils exhibited more pronounced vertical distribution differences and environmental response characteristics.
了解高原泥炭地土壤中微生物群落的组成和空间分布模式对于维护高原湿地的结构和功能稳定性至关重要。我们从若尔盖泥炭地核心保护区沿水平和垂直分布采集了50个土壤样本，采用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌和真菌多样性，并结合Mantel检验和矩阵多元回归（MRM）统计方法以及局部尺度下群落结构相似性的空间分布特征。结果表明，土壤细菌和真菌的优势类群分别是绿弯菌门（在水平和垂直方向上分别占细菌群落总数的33.2%和25.1%）和子囊菌门（54.7%和76.4%）。水平和垂直方向上微生物群落结构的相似性均随采样点空间距离的增加而降低。细菌和真菌群落垂直方向的周转率分别是水平方向的8.8倍和8.6倍。基于群落的相对丰度，我们将微生物分为六组。随着群落中稀有物种数量的增加，群落距离衰减的斜率减小。条件性稀有或丰富类群（CRAT）类别组显示出与总微生物群落最相似的空间分布特征。Mantel分析表明，土壤有机碳、全氮和有效磷是驱动细菌和真菌群落在水平方向分布的关键因素，而土壤有机碳、有效碳、pH值和土壤容重是决定垂直分布的主要因素。MRM分析进一步表明，土壤理化指标和空间距离均显著影响微生物群落的组装，其中土壤因素对微生物群落垂直分布的解释比水平分布更多。通过扩散限制，土壤因素对微生物群落分布的影响远大于空间因素。综上所述，高原泥炭地土壤中的微生物群落表现出更明显的垂直分布差异和环境响应特征。
