Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2024 Nov;66(7):e22546. doi: 10.1002/dev.22546.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with lifelong impairments. ADHD-related behaviors have been observed as early as toddlerhood for children who later develop ADHD. Children with ADHD have disrupted connectivity in neural circuitry involved in executive control of attention, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsal attention network (DAN). It is not known if these alterations in connectivity can be identified before the onset of ADHD. Children (N = 51) 1.5-3 years old were assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy while engaging with a book. The relation between mother-reported ADHD-related behaviors and neural connectivity, computed using robust innovation-based correlation, was examined. Task engagement was high across the sample and unrelated to ADHD-related behaviors. Observed attention was associated with greater connectivity between the right lateral PFC and the right temporal parietal junction (TPJ). Children with greater ADHD-related behaviors had greater frontoparietal connectivity, particularly between the PFC bilaterally and the right TPJ. Toddlers at risk for developing ADHD may require increased frontoparietal connectivity to sustain attention. Future work is needed to examine early interventions that enhance developing attention and their effect on neural connectivity between the PFC and attention networks.
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见的神经发育障碍,会造成终身损害。对于后来被诊断出患有 ADHD 的儿童,早在幼儿期就可以观察到与 ADHD 相关的行为。患有 ADHD 的儿童在执行注意力的神经回路中存在连接中断,包括前额叶皮层(PFC)和背侧注意网络(DAN)。目前尚不清楚这些连接变化是否可以在 ADHD 发病前被识别出来。研究人员使用功能近红外光谱技术(fNIRS)对 1.5 至 3 岁的儿童进行了评估,让他们在阅读时参与其中。研究人员使用稳健的基于创新的相关性来计算母亲报告的 ADHD 相关行为与神经连接之间的关系。结果发现,整个样本的任务参与度都很高,与 ADHD 相关行为无关。观察到的注意力与右侧外侧 PFC 与右侧颞顶联合区(TPJ)之间的连接增强有关。ADHD 相关行为较多的儿童具有更大的额顶叶连接性,特别是双侧 PFC 与右侧 TPJ 之间的连接性。有发展为 ADHD 风险的幼儿可能需要增加额顶叶连接性来维持注意力。未来需要进一步研究,以检验增强注意力的早期干预措施及其对 PFC 和注意力网络之间神经连接的影响。