School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Nov 5;479:135603. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135603. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
Aggregation of antiviral drugs (ATVs) in waste activated sludge (WAS) poses considerable environmental risk, so it is crucial to understand the behavior of these agents during WAS treatment. This study investigated the effects of ritonavir (RIT), an ATV used to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection and coronavirus disease 2019, on anaerobic digestion (AD) of WAS to reveal the mechanisms by which it interferes with anaerobic flora. The dosage influence results showed that methane production in AD of WAS decreased by 46.56 % when RIT concentration was increased to 1000 μg/kg total suspended solids (TSS). The AD staging test revealed that RIT mainly stimulated microbial synthesis of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), limiting organic matter solubilization. At 500 μg/kg TSS, RIT decreased CHO and CHON levels in dissolved organic matter by 23.12 % and 56.68 %, respectively, significantly reducing substrate availability to microorganisms. Metagenomic analysis of microbial functional gene sets revealed that RIT had greater inhibitory effects on protein and amino acid metabolism than on carbohydrate metabolism. Under RIT stress, methanogens switched from hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogenesis to methylotrophic and acetotrophic methanogenesis.
抗病毒药物（ATVs）在废活性污泥（WAS）中的聚集对环境构成了相当大的风险，因此了解这些药物在 WAS 处理过程中的行为至关重要。本研究考察了利托那韦（RIT）对 WAS 厌氧消化（AD）的影响，以揭示其干扰厌氧菌群的机制。结果表明，当 RIT 浓度增加到 1000μg/kg 总悬浮固体（TSS）时，WAS 的 AD 甲烷产量下降了 46.56%。AD 分阶段试验表明，RIT 主要刺激微生物合成胞外聚合物（EPS），限制有机物的溶解。在 500μg/kg TSS 时，RIT 使溶解有机物质中的 CHO 和 CHON 水平分别降低了 23.12%和 56.68%，显著降低了微生物可利用的底物。微生物功能基因集的宏基因组分析表明，RIT 对蛋白质和氨基酸代谢的抑制作用大于对碳水化合物代谢的抑制作用。在 RIT 胁迫下，产甲烷菌从氢营养型和乙酸营养型甲烷生成转变为甲基营养型和乙酸营养型甲烷生成。
