Nisar Memoona, Tasleem Zermina, Muhammad Sohail Ayaz, Javid Asma, Rasool Muhammad Fawad, Karuniawati Hidayah, Al-Tamimi Saleh Karamah, Rehman Anees Ur
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Political Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2024 Sep 5;22(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12962-024-00566-9.
The direct and indirect costs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are substantial and increase over time. Concerns regarding our capacity to manage the financial burden that CKD) places on patients, caregivers, and society are raised by its increasing prevalence and progression. Lack of awareness of CKD's economic effects is a major reason that lawmakers and administrators pay little attention to this chronic illness.
We aimed to analyze the direct burden of CKD across Asian countries and evaluate the main cost drivers among all mentioned cost centers in previous studies.
Related works evaluating the expenditures of CKD from the perspective of the patient were interpreted by a thorough search of PUBMED and GOOGLE SCHOLAR.
Country-wise, in Asia, the direct mean average medical costs in RRT patients were reported in 8 studies as $4574, $18668, $2901, $6848, $16669, $3489, $5945, and $6344 in Singapore, Korea, Taiwan, China, Jordan, Vietnam, Lebanon, and India respectively and the direct mean average medical costs in non-RRT patients were reported in six studies as $3412, $2241, $4534, $290 and $1500 in Singapore, Japan, China, Vietnam, and India respectively.
Hemodialysis is the main cost driver having an average mean cost of $23,358 per patient per year while the average mean cost of disease management is $4977 per patient per year. More research is needed to understand the specific economic challenges disadvantaged populations face, including the impact of income, education, and access to healthcare resources on the financial burden of CKD.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）的直接和间接成本巨大，且随时间增加。其患病率和病情进展不断上升，引发了人们对我们管理CKD给患者、护理人员和社会带来的经济负担能力的担忧。对CKD经济影响缺乏认识是立法者和管理人员很少关注这种慢性病的主要原因。
我们旨在分析亚洲各国CKD的直接负担，并评估先前研究中所有提及的成本中心中的主要成本驱动因素。
通过全面检索PUBMED和谷歌学术，对从患者角度评估CKD支出的相关研究进行解读。
按国家划分，在亚洲，8项研究报告了接受肾脏替代治疗（RRT）患者的直接平均医疗成本，新加坡为4574美元，韩国为18668美元，中国台湾为2901美元，中国为6848美元，约旦为16669美元，越南为3489美元，黎巴嫩为5945美元，印度为6344美元；6项研究报告了未接受RRT患者的直接平均医疗成本，新加坡为3412美元，日本为2241美元，中国为4534美元，越南为290美元，印度为1500美元。
血液透析是主要的成本驱动因素，每位患者每年的平均成本为23358美元，而疾病管理的平均成本为每位患者每年4977美元。需要更多研究来了解弱势群体面临的具体经济挑战，包括收入、教育和获得医疗资源的机会对CKD经济负担的影响。
