Oh Hyun-Ji, Imam-Aliagan Abdulhamid B, Kim Yeo-Bin, Kim Hyun-Jin, Izaguirre Issac A, Sung Chang K, Yim Hyungshin
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biological and Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Aug 21;12:1449232. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1449232. eCollection 2024.
Despite recent advances in cancer diagnostics and treatment, the mortality associated with lung cancer is still the highest in the world. Late-stage diagnosis, often accompanied by metastasis, is a major contributor to the high mortality rates, emphasizing the urgent need for reliable and readily accessible diagnostic tools that can detect biomarkers unique to lung cancer. Circulating factors, such as circulating tumor DNA and extracellular vesicles, from liquid biopsy have been recognized as diagnostic or prognostic markers in lung cancer. Numerous clinical studies are currently underway to investigate the potential of circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor RNA, exosomes, and exosomal microRNA within the context of lung cancer. Those clinical studies aim to address the poor diagnostics and limited treatment options for lung cancer, with the ultimate goal of developing clinical markers and personalized therapies. In this review, we discuss the roles of each circulating factor, its current research status, and ongoing clinical studies of circulating factors in non-small cell lung cancer. Additionally, we discuss the circulating factors specifically found in lung cancer stem cells and examine approved diagnostic assays designed to detect circulating biomarkers in lung cancer patients.
尽管近期癌症诊断和治疗取得了进展，但肺癌相关死亡率仍是全球最高的。晚期诊断，常伴有转移，是高死亡率的主要原因，这凸显了迫切需要可靠且易于获取的诊断工具，以检测肺癌特有的生物标志物。液体活检中的循环因子，如循环肿瘤DNA和细胞外囊泡，已被视为肺癌的诊断或预后标志物。目前正在进行大量临床研究，以探讨循环肿瘤DNA、循环肿瘤RNA、外泌体和外泌体微小RNA在肺癌中的潜力。这些临床研究旨在解决肺癌诊断不佳和治疗选择有限的问题，最终目标是开发临床标志物和个性化疗法。在本综述中，我们讨论了每种循环因子的作用、其当前研究现状以及非小细胞肺癌中循环因子的正在进行的临床研究。此外，我们讨论了在肺癌干细胞中特别发现的循环因子，并研究了旨在检测肺癌患者循环生物标志物的已批准诊断检测方法。
