Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Hauts-de-Seine, Arthritis Research and Development, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2395099. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2395099. Epub 2024 Sep 6.
The intestinal microbiota of humans includes a highly diverse range of bacterial species. All these bacteria possess a cell wall, composed primarily of the macromolecule peptidoglycan. As such, the gut also harbors an abundant and varied peptidoglycome. A remarkable range of host physiological pathways are regulated by peptidoglycan fragments that originate from the gut microbiota and enter the host system. Interactions between the host system and peptidoglycan can influence physiological development and homeostasis, promote health, or contribute to inflammatory disease. Underlying these effects is the interplay between microbiota composition and enzymatic processes that shape the intestinal peptidoglycome, dictating the types of peptidoglycan generated, that subsequently cross the gut barrier. In this review, we highlight and discuss the hidden and emerging functional aspects of the microbiome, i.e. the hidden base of the iceberg, that modulate the composition of gut peptidoglycan, and how these fundamental processes are drivers of physiological outcomes for the host.
人类肠道微生物群包含高度多样化的细菌种类。所有这些细菌都具有细胞壁，主要由大分子肽聚糖组成。因此，肠道中还存在大量且多样的肽聚糖组。源自肠道微生物群并进入宿主系统的肽聚糖片段可调节宿主生理途径的显著范围。宿主系统与肽聚糖之间的相互作用可影响生理发育和体内平衡、促进健康或导致炎症性疾病。这些影响的基础是微生物群组成和酶促过程之间的相互作用，这些过程塑造了肠道肽聚糖组，决定了生成的肽聚糖类型，随后这些类型穿过肠道屏障。在这篇综述中，我们强调并讨论了微生物组（即冰山的隐藏基础）的隐藏和新兴功能方面，这些方面调节肠道肽聚糖的组成，以及这些基本过程如何成为宿主生理结果的驱动因素。
