用 DSM 人格障碍替代模型概念化成人注意缺陷多动障碍。

Conceptualizing adult ADHD with the DSM alternative model of personality disorder.

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sektionskansliet: Blå Stråket 15, vån 3, SU/Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Region Halland, Varberg, Sweden.

出版信息

Personal Ment Health. 2024 Nov;18(4):369-386. doi: 10.1002/pmh.1632. Epub 2024 Sep 6.

DOI:10.1002/pmh.1632

PMID:39239863

Abstract

Personality traits and personality disorders are related to ADHD and indicate dysfunction in clinical populations. The goals of this study were to examine how the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) a) indicates the presence of ADHD and b) communicates information about dysfunction over and above ADHD diagnosis. A sample of 330 adult psychiatric patients with and without ADHD (60% female; mean age 33 years) were assessed for ADHD symptoms, personality impairment, maladaptive personality traits, and functional life impairment domains. The maladaptive personality domain Disinhibition and particularly the lower order facet of Distractibility distinguished between individuals with psychiatric difficulties with and without ADHD. Distractibility is strongly related to the ADHD symptom dimension Inattentiveness, and Antagonism to Hyperactivity/impulsivity. General personality impairment augmented ADHD diagnosis in predicting life impairments. The AMPD has utility in ADHD assessments for diagnosis and prognosis.

摘要

人格特质和人格障碍与 ADHD 有关，并表明临床人群存在功能障碍。本研究的目的是探讨 DSM-5 人格障碍替代模型（AMPD）如何：a）表明 ADHD 的存在，b）在 ADHD 诊断之外提供有关功能障碍的信息。对 330 名患有和不患有 ADHD 的成年精神科患者（女性占 60%；平均年龄 33 岁）进行了 ADHD 症状、人格障碍、适应不良人格特质和功能生活障碍的评估。适应不良人格领域的抑制障碍，特别是分心这一更低阶的方面，能够区分有和没有 ADHD 的个体。分心与 ADHD 症状维度中的注意力不集中以及多动/冲动维度中的对立关系密切相关。一般人格障碍增强了 ADHD 诊断对生活障碍的预测能力。AMPD 在 ADHD 的诊断和预后评估中有一定的作用。