Bulgur Deniz, Moura Raquel Macedo, Ribot Julie C
Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal.
Eur J Immunol. 2024 Dec;54(12):e2451055. doi: 10.1002/eji.202451055. Epub 2024 Sep 6.
The neuroimmune axis has been the focus of many studies, with special emphasis on the interactions between the central nervous system and the different immune cell subsets. T cells are namely recognized to play a critical role due to their interaction with nerves, by secreting cytokines and neurotrophins, which regulate the development, function, and survival of neurons. In this context, γδ T cells are particularly relevant, as they colonize specific tissues, namely the meninges, and have a wide variety of complex functions that balance physiological systems. Notably, γδ T cells are not only key components for maintaining brain homeostasis but are also responsible for triggering or preventing inflammatory responses in various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases as well as neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art on the contribution of γδ T cells in neuropathophysiology and delve into the molecular mechanisms behind it. We aim to shed light on γδ T cell functions in the central nervous system while highlighting upcoming challenges in the field and providing new clues for potential therapeutic strategies.
神经免疫轴一直是许多研究的重点，特别强调中枢神经系统与不同免疫细胞亚群之间的相互作用。由于T细胞通过分泌细胞因子和神经营养因子与神经相互作用，调节神经元的发育、功能和存活，因此它们被认为起着关键作用。在这种情况下，γδT细胞尤为重要，因为它们定殖于特定组织，即脑膜，并具有多种复杂功能，可平衡生理系统。值得注意的是，γδT细胞不仅是维持大脑稳态的关键组成部分，而且还负责在各种病理状态下引发或预防炎症反应，包括神经退行性疾病以及神经精神和发育障碍。在此，我们概述了γδT细胞在神经病理生理学中的作用的当前研究现状，并深入探讨其背后的分子机制。我们旨在阐明γδT细胞在中枢神经系统中的功能，同时突出该领域即将面临的挑战，并为潜在的治疗策略提供新线索。
