Advanced Materials and Characterization Group, Research and Development Division, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur 831001, India.
Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024 Oct 14;10(10):5939-5959. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00779. Epub 2024 Sep 6.
Over the past few decades, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based bone cement has been clinically used extensively in orthopedics for arthroplasty and kyphoplasty, due to its biocompatibility and excellent primary fixation to the host bone. In this focused review, we discuss the use of various fillers and secondary chemical moieties to improve the bioactivity and the physicochemical properties. The viscosity of the PMMA blend formulations and working time are crucial to achieving intimate contact with the osseous tissue, which is highly sensitive to organic or inorganic fillers. Hydroxyapatite as a reinforcement resulted in compromised mechanical properties of the modified cement. The possible mechanisms of the additive- or filler-dependent strengthening or weakening of the PMMA blend are critically reviewed. The addition of layered double hydroxides with surface functionalization appears to be a promising approach to enhance the bonding of filler with the PMMA matrix. Such an approach consequently improves the mechanical properties, owing to enhanced dispersion as well as contributions from crack bridging. Finally, the use of emerging alternatives, such as nanoparticles, and the use of natural biomolecules were highlighted to improve bioactivity and antibacterial properties.
在过去几十年中，由于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）基骨水泥具有生物相容性和对宿主骨的优异初始固定性，已在矫形外科中广泛用于关节置换和后凸成形术。在本重点综述中，我们讨论了使用各种填料和二次化学基团来改善生物活性和物理化学性质。PMMA 共混物配方的粘度和工作时间对于与骨骼组织实现紧密接触至关重要，因为骨骼组织对有机或无机填料非常敏感。作为增强剂的羟基磷灰石导致改性水泥的机械性能降低。我们批判性地回顾了添加剂或填料依赖性增强或削弱 PMMA 共混物的可能机制。用表面功能化的层状双氢氧化物进行添加似乎是一种很有前途的方法，可以增强填料与 PMMA 基质的结合。这种方法由于增强的分散性以及裂纹桥接的贡献，从而提高了机械性能。最后，强调了使用新兴替代品（如纳米粒子）和天然生物分子来提高生物活性和抗菌性能。
