College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, Hebei, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, Shijiazhuang 050018, Hebei, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Nov 5;479:135706. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135706. Epub 2024 Sep 2.
Studying the changes in organic matter and characteristic pollutants during the treatment of penicillin-containing pharmaceutical wastewater, which can be reflected by changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM), is crucial for improving the effectiveness of wastewater treatment units and systems. Herein, water quality indicators, spectroscopic methods, and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry were utilized to characterize the general molecular compositions and specific molecular changes in DOM during the treatment of typical penicillin-containing pharmaceutical wastewater, including in each of the influent, physicochemical treatment, biological treatment, oxidation treatment, and effluent stages. The influent exhibited a high organic matter content (concentration of dissolved organic carbon >10,000 mg·L), its DOM mainly contained protein- and lignin-like substances composed of CHON and CHONS molecules, and the relative intensity (RI) of penicillin was extremely high (RI = 0.220). Compared with the influent, the abundance of CHON and CHONS molecules detected after physicochemical treatment decreased by 70.3 % and 62.5 %, respectively, and the RI of penicillin decreased by 85.5 %. Biological treatment caused substantial changes in DOM components through oxidation, dealkylation, and denitrification reactions, accounting for 36.8 %, 28.9 %, and 14.8 % of the total identified reactions, respectively. Additionally, lignin-like substances were generated in large quantities, the overall humification level significantly increased, and the RI value increased for the penicillin intermediate, 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA). Oxidation treatment effectively removed phosphorus-containing substances and some lignin-like substances produced by biological treatment; however, it was not effective in removing characteristic pollutants such as 6-APA. Such characteristic substances continued to be present in the effluent, and the DOM mainly contained protein- and humus-like substances, accounting for 30.8 % and 47.3 %, respectively. The study findings reveal the changes in organic matter and characteristic pollutants during the treatment of penicillin-containing wastewater from the perspective of the general molecular composition and specific molecular changes in DOM, providing support for further exploration of wastewater treatment mechanisms and improvements in treatment unit efficiency.
研究含青霉素制药废水处理过程中有机物和特征污染物的变化，通过溶解有机物 (DOM) 的变化来反映，对于提高废水处理单元和系统的效果至关重要。本研究采用水质指标、光谱法和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法，对典型含青霉素制药废水中 DOM 的一般分子组成和特定分子变化进行了表征，包括进水、理化处理、生物处理、氧化处理和出水各个阶段。进水有机物含量高（溶解性有机碳浓度>10000mg·L-1），DOM 主要含有 CHON 和 CHONS 分子组成的蛋白和木质素样物质，青霉素的相对强度（RI）极高（RI=0.220）。与进水相比，理化处理后检测到的 CHON 和 CHONS 分子丰度分别减少了 70.3%和 62.5%，青霉素的 RI 降低了 85.5%。生物处理通过氧化、脱烷基和反硝化反应使 DOM 成分发生显著变化，分别占总鉴定反应的 36.8%、28.9%和 14.8%。此外，大量生成木质素样物质，整体腐殖化程度显著提高，青霉素中间体 6-氨基青霉烷酸（6-APA）的 RI 值增加。氧化处理有效去除了含磷物质和生物处理产生的一些木质素样物质，但对 6-APA 等特征污染物的去除效果不佳。这些特征物质继续存在于出水中，DOM 主要含有蛋白和腐殖质样物质，分别占 30.8%和 47.3%。本研究从 DOM 的一般分子组成和特定分子变化的角度揭示了含青霉素废水处理过程中有机物和特征污染物的变化，为进一步探索废水处理机制和提高处理单元效率提供了支持。
