Shin Jaedon, Merle Tony, Cockx Arnaud, Aquilon Caroline Gachet, von Gunten Urs
School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
Water Res. 2025 Sep 1;283:123853. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123853. Epub 2025 May 17.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant sources of micropollutants, potentially adversely affecting freshwater ecosystems. Ozonation is an effective way to abate micropollutants during treatment of wastewater effluent, however, the presence of bromide may lead to bromate, a potentially carcinogenic byproduct. The applicability of a hollow fiber porous membrane-based ozone contactor (MEMBROX) was assessed for wastewater effluent treatment for the simultaneous abatement of micropollutants and bromate mitigation by investigating the effects of operating conditions (e.g., hydraulic retention times, gas phase concentrations of ozone and hydrogen peroxide dosing) and water quality parameters (concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and level of alkalinity). In synthetic water containing Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter and bromide, MEMBROX showed better performance for relative micropollutant abatement with minimal bromate formation compared to the conventional ozonation in the presence of high DOC concentration and high alkalinity for ozone gas phase concentrations of ≤ 10 gO Nm. Key ozone mass transfer parameters, including liquid velocity and membrane length, were also investigated to support interpretation of treatment performance. Adding HO improved ozone mass transfer at the membrane interface, but also elevated bromate formation, making this an unfavorable option. Three secondary wastewater effluent samples were investigated, and a similar trend as for synthetic DOM-containing water was observed regarding water quality and process operating conditions. The calculated required membrane surface areas for the MEMBROX process are 15 to 60 m² per cubic meter of treated water per hour, which aligns with typical membrane-based filtration systems. This suggests that the MEMBROX process is a practical solution for effective micropollutant abatement with minimized bromate formation.
污水处理厂是微污染物的重要来源，可能会对淡水生态系统产生不利影响。臭氧化是处理废水时减少微污染物的有效方法，然而，溴化物的存在可能会导致溴酸盐的产生，溴酸盐是一种潜在的致癌副产物。通过研究操作条件（如水力停留时间、臭氧气相浓度和过氧化氢投加量）和水质参数（溶解有机物（DOM）浓度和碱度水平）的影响，评估了基于中空纤维多孔膜的臭氧接触器（MEMBROX）在废水处理中同时减少微污染物和减轻溴酸盐生成的适用性。在含有苏万尼河天然有机物和溴化物的合成水中，与在高DOC浓度和高碱度条件下、臭氧气相浓度≤10 gO Nm时的传统臭氧化相比，MEMBROX在减少微污染物方面表现出更好的性能，同时溴酸盐生成量最少。还研究了关键的臭氧传质参数，包括液体流速和膜长度，以辅助解释处理性能。添加过氧化氢改善了膜界面处的臭氧传质，但也增加了溴酸盐的生成，因此这不是一个理想的选择。对三个二级废水排放样本进行了研究，在水质和工艺操作条件方面观察到了与含合成DOM的水类似的趋势。计算得出的MEMBROX工艺所需膜表面积为每立方米每小时处理水15至60平方米，这与典型的基于膜的过滤系统相符。这表明MEMBROX工艺是一种有效减少微污染物且将溴酸盐生成量降至最低的实用解决方案。
