Assessment of a process-based urban river restoration using biological and hydro-geomorphological indicators. The Congost River at Granollers (Catalonia, Spain).

Fluvial systems are natural environments most affected by human interventions. River restoration emerges as a need to recover naturality and to provide environmental benefits to society. The aims of river restoration aims are diverse and depends on the conditions of the river reach or section to be restored, as well as the objectives of the restoration. Process based restoration are the ones mostly likely to succeed as the river reshapes, adapts, and redistributes sediment to slope, fluvial regime, flood frequency and sediment availability and calibre in a commonly named "auto-healing" process. However, information regarding the results and the degree of success of a restoration project is scarce due to the lack of monitoring after the restoration is undertaken, or lack of criteria to define when a restoration project is a success. The application of biological and ecological indexes has been used to assess the state of a river stretch. However, sometimes this information lacks complementary geomorphological assessment to fully understand the state of the river, especially in those that have been altered by humans. In this study, a quantitative evaluation, by means of biological, ecological, and geomorphological indicators, has been applied in two different sections of the same urban river in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Scores obtained from the indexes applied indicate that the urbanized and unrestored river section has poorer ecological and biological quality and a very limited hydrogeomorphology dynamics than the self-restored section. Despite it, the self-restored section achieves moderate scores given the deep human modifications of the river section and the existing limitations for a fully restored river. The use of this combination of indexes has provided a useful information to assess different river sections. In addition to ecological and biological indexes, geomorphological indexes must be considered to fully understand the river dynamics and the improvement of a river system functioning.