Postdoctoral Research Station of Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University), Fuzhou 350117, China.
College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse (Fujian Normal University), Fuzhou 350117, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 25;953:175970. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175970. Epub 2024 Sep 4.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have increasingly gained recognition as an "emerging contaminant" that poses a threat to the biosafety of drinking water. However, previous researches have primarily focused on the intracellular state of ARGs and rarely investigated the ecological characteristics (e.g., distribution and origin), environmental behavior (spread), and risks of extracellular form (eARGs) within drinking water systems. Therefore, this review evaluated isolation strategies and extraction methods for recovering eARGs from drinking water, elucidated the distribution characteristics of eARGs, and examined their impact on the antibiotic resistome from source water to tap water. We emphasized that chlorination and biological treatments significantly contribute to the prevalence and persistence of eARGs in drinking water. Moreover, we highlighted the role of biological reactors (e.g., biofilter, biological activated carbon) and drinking water distribution systems in facilitating the natural transformation of eARGs while significantly contributing to bacterial antibiotic resistance (BAR) propagation. Finally, we summarized the current risk assessment systems for ARGs and critically address remaining challenging questions necessary for better forecasting health risks associated with eARGs in drinking water environments. Collectively, this review enhances the understanding of ecological characteristics and environmental behavior of eARGs in drinking water while providing important implications for controlling and reducing BAR contamination not only in drinking water but also in other aquatic environments.
抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）作为一种“新兴污染物”，对饮用水的生物安全构成了威胁，这一概念已逐渐得到认可。然而，先前的研究主要集中在 ARGs 的细胞内状态，很少涉及到其在饮用水系统中的生态特征（如分布和来源）、环境行为（传播）和细胞外形式（eARGs）的风险。因此，本综述评估了从饮用水中回收 eARGs 的分离策略和提取方法，阐明了 eARGs 的分布特征，并研究了它们对从水源水到自来水的抗生素抗性组的影响。我们强调了氯化和生物处理对饮用水中 eARGs 的流行和持续存在有显著影响。此外，我们强调了生物反应器（如生物滤池、生物活性炭）和饮用水分配系统在促进 eARGs 自然转化方面的作用，同时显著促进了细菌抗生素耐药性（BAR）的传播。最后，我们总结了当前 ARGs 的风险评估系统，并批判性地讨论了与饮用水环境中 eARGs 相关的健康风险预测所需的遗留问题。总的来说，本综述提高了我们对饮用水中 eARGs 的生态特征和环境行为的理解，为控制和减少饮用水和其他水生环境中 BAR 污染提供了重要启示。
