Villastrigo Adrián, Orenes-Salazar Víctor, García-Meseguer Antonio José, Mirón-Gatón Juana María, Mourre Baptiste, Millán Andrés, Velasco Josefa
Division of Entomology, SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247, München, Germany.
Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
NPJ Biodivers. 2023 Nov 20;2(1):25. doi: 10.1038/s44185-023-00028-0.
Coastal habitats are amongst the most dynamic on Earth, due to their simultaneous exposure to terrestrial, oceanic and atmospheric processes. Coastal taxa are therefore often ecologically specialised and adapted to withstand frequent shifts in sea level, wave exposure, temperature or salinity. This specialisation often resulting in significant cryptic diversity. Previous molecular studies have suggested that genetic differentiation in non-marine coastal organisms may be influenced by oceanic currents and fronts, but the extent to which such processes affect dispersal and evolution of such taxa remains unclear. Here we explore whether population genetic structure in two supralittoral rockpool beetle species (genus Ochthebius) can be predicted from the general circulation pattern of the marine currents and associated oceanic fronts. We simulated dispersal using a Lagrangian particle tracking model and compared this with population genetic structure inferred from COI (mitochondrial) and wingless (nuclear) genes applying linear models and Mantel tests. We show that a biophysical model based on oceanic currents and fronts in the western Mediterranean Sea is a much better predictor of observed population genetic structure than isolation by distance in both species. Our results show that oceanic processes, besides shaping contemporary population connectivity in fully marine organisms, also exert a meaningful influence on terrestrially-derived coastal taxa such as supralittoral rockpool beetles - the first time this mode of dispersal has been demonstrated in an insect.
沿海栖息地是地球上最具活力的栖息地之一，因为它们同时受到陆地、海洋和大气过程的影响。因此，沿海生物分类群通常在生态上具有特殊性，并适应于承受海平面、海浪暴露、温度或盐度的频繁变化。这种特殊性常常导致显著的隐性多样性。先前的分子研究表明，非海洋沿海生物的遗传分化可能受洋流和锋面的影响，但这些过程对这类生物分类群的扩散和进化的影响程度仍不清楚。在这里，我们探讨是否可以根据洋流的总体环流模式和相关的海洋锋面来预测两种潮上带岩池甲虫物种（Ochthebius属）的种群遗传结构。我们使用拉格朗日粒子追踪模型模拟扩散，并将其与通过应用线性模型和曼特尔检验从COI（线粒体）和无翅（核）基因推断出的种群遗传结构进行比较。我们表明，基于地中海西部洋流和锋面的生物物理模型比距离隔离模型能更好地预测这两个物种中观察到的种群遗传结构。我们的结果表明，海洋过程除了塑造完全海洋生物的当代种群连通性外，还对陆地来源的沿海生物分类群（如潮上带岩池甲虫）产生了有意义的影响——这是这种扩散模式首次在昆虫中得到证明。
