Institute of Agri-food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Ruta 90 km 3, San Fernando, Chile.
Department of Animal Health, National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service, Victoria, Valparaíso 2832, Chile.
Prev Vet Med. 2024 Dec;233:106331. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106331. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
The adoption of standardized metrics and indicators of antimicrobial use (AMU) in the food animal industry is essential for the success of programs aimed at promoting the responsible and judicious use of antimicrobials in this activity. The objective of this study was to introduce the use of standardized AMU metrics and indicators to quantify the use of florfenicol and oxytetracycline in the Chilean salmon industry, and in this way evaluate the feasibility of their use given the type of health and production information currently managed by the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (SERNAPESCA), the Chilean agency responsible for regulating aquaculture in Chile. The data available from SERNAPESCA allowed the construction and evaluation of the most data-demanding AMU metrics and indicators. Consequently, the use of florfenicol and oxytetracycline administered by oral and parenteral routes was quantified using the treatment incidence based on both animal defined daily dose (TI) and animal used daily dose (TI). To that end, the study included information from 1320 closed production cycles from farms rearing Atlantic salmon, coho salmon and rainbow trout that were active between January 2017 and December 2021. By applying standardized AMU metrics and indicators, we were able to determine that the median of TI for florfenicol was 75.1 (80 % range, 20.0-158.0) DDDvet per ton-year at risk for oral procedures and 0.36 (80 % range, 0.07-1.19) DDDvet per ton-year at risk for parenteral procedures. For oxytetracycline, the median TI was 3.09 (80 % range, 0.74-42.8) and 0.47 (80 % range, 0.09-1.68) DDDvet per ton-year at risk for oral and parenteral procedures, respectively. The median TI for treatments with florfenicol was 45.6 (80 % range, 10.9-96.5) UDDA per ton-year at risk for oral treatments and 0.28 (80 % range, 0.05-0.80) UDDA per ton-year at risk for parenteral treatments. For oxytetracycline, the median TI was 2.63 (80 % range, 0.61-28.2) UDDA per ton-year at risk for oral treatments and 0.41 (80 % range, 0.08-1.29) UDDA per ton-year at risk for parenteral treatments. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to move from traditional AMU metrics and indicators to standardized ones in the Chilean salmon industry. This is possible because the competent authority requires salmon farms to report detailed health and production information at a high frequency. The use of standardized AMU metrics and indicators can help the authority to have a more comprehensive view of the antimicrobial use in the Chilean salmon industry.
采用标准化的抗菌药物使用（AMU）度量和指标对于成功实施旨在促进负责任和明智使用抗菌药物的计划至关重要。本研究的目的是引入标准化的 AMU 度量和指标，以量化氟苯尼考和土霉素在智利鲑鱼产业中的使用情况，并以此评估在国家渔业和水产养殖服务局（SERNAPESCA）目前管理的健康和生产信息类型的情况下使用这些指标的可行性，SERNAPESCA 是智利负责监管水产养殖的机构。SERNAPESCA 提供的数据允许构建和评估最需要数据的 AMU 度量和指标。因此，通过基于动物定义的每日剂量（TI）和动物使用的每日剂量（TI），分别通过口服和肠胃外途径使用氟苯尼考和土霉素的治疗发生率来量化氟苯尼考和土霉素的使用情况。为此，该研究包括了来自于在 2017 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间活跃的养殖大西洋鲑鱼、银鲑和虹鳟鱼的 1320 个封闭生产周期的信息。通过应用标准化的 AMU 度量和指标，我们能够确定氟苯尼考的 TI 中位数为每风险吨-年 75.1（80%范围，20.0-158.0）DDDvet，用于口服程序，每风险吨-年 0.36（80%范围，0.07-1.19）DDDvet，用于肠胃外程序。对于土霉素，TI 的中位数为每风险吨-年 3.09（80%范围，0.74-42.8）和 0.47（80%范围，0.09-1.68）DDDvet，分别用于口服和肠胃外程序。氟苯尼考治疗的 TI 中位数为每风险吨-年 45.6（80%范围，10.9-96.5）UDDA，用于口服治疗，每风险吨-年 0.28（80%范围，0.05-0.80）UDDA，用于肠胃外治疗。对于土霉素，TI 的中位数为每风险吨-年 2.63（80%范围，0.61-28.2）UDDA，用于口服治疗，每风险吨-年 0.41（80%范围，0.08-1.29）UDDA，用于肠胃外治疗。本研究表明，在智利鲑鱼产业中，从传统的 AMU 度量和指标转向标准化的度量和指标是可行的。这是因为主管当局要求鲑鱼养殖场高频报告详细的健康和生产信息。使用标准化的 AMU 度量和指标可以帮助当局更全面地了解智利鲑鱼产业中的抗菌药物使用情况。
