Not the same: How delivery, ride-hailing, and private riders' roles influence safety behavior.

In recent years, the growth of motorcycle-based ride-hailing and delivery services has led to an increase in traffic crashes involving these riders. Previous studies have indicated that the behavior of ride-hailing and delivery riders is influenced by work demands and individual characteristics. However, the extent to which risky riding behaviors depend on the type of riding and the interaction between road traffic context and risky behaviors remains unclear. Addressing these gaps, this study investigates factors influencing risky behaviors among motorcycle riders in Hanoi, Vietnam. By examining various rider traits (such as rider type, gender, and age) and aspects of the road traffic environment (such as police presence, number of road lanes, and weather), we aim to understand their contribution to risky riding behaviors. Through the observation of 9164 motorcycle riders (i.e., delivery, ride-hailing, and private motorcycle riders) at 31 intersections and decision tree analysis, the study underscores the significant impact of rider type on risky behaviors. Key findings include a higher tendency for both delivery riders and ride-hailing riders to run red lights, neglect to use turn signals, and the notable distraction of mobile phone use. Additionally, private riders are found to show a higher incidence of not wearing helmets even in locations with a police presence. These findings highlight the critical need for strategies to enhance road safety for all motorcycle riders. However, it is essential to recognize that the reasons behind risky behavior vary across different groups of motorcycle riders, from private to commercial riders. Therefore, we need more targeted strategies that address the specific factors influencing each group to effectively improve road safety for all.