Key Laboratory of integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Key Laboratory of integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:175734. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175734. Epub 2024 Sep 6.
Wetlands are highly diverse and productive and are among the three most important natural ecosystems worldwide, among which coastal wetlands are particularly valuable because they have been shown to provide important functions for human populations. They provide a wide variety of ecological services and values that are critical to humans. Their value may increase with increased use or scarcity owing to human progress, such as agriculture and urbanization. The potential assessment for one coastal wetland habitat to be substituted by another landscape depends on analyzing complex microbial communities including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa common in different wetlands. Moreover, the number and quality of resources in coastal wetlands, including nutrients and energy sources, are also closely related to the size and variety of the microbial communities. In this review, we discussed types of wetlands, how human activities had altered the carbon cycle, how climate change affected wetland services and functions, and identified some ways to promote their conservation and restoration that provide a range of benefits, including carbon sequestration. Current data also indicated that the coastal ocean acted as a net sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in a post-industrial age and continuous human pressure would make a major impact on the evolution the coastal ocean carbon budget in the future. Coastal wetland ecosystems contain diverse microbial communities, and their composition of microbial communities will tend to change rapidly in response to environmental changes, as can serve as significant markers for identifying these changes in the future.
湿地具有高度的多样性和生产力，是全球最重要的三大自然生态系统之一，其中沿海湿地尤为珍贵，因为它们为人类提供了重要的功能。它们提供了广泛的生态服务和价值，对人类至关重要。随着人类的进步，如农业和城市化的发展，它们的价值可能会因使用增加或稀缺而增加。一个沿海湿地生境被另一个景观取代的潜力评估取决于分析包括真菌、细菌、病毒和原生动物在内的常见于不同湿地的复杂微生物群落。此外，沿海湿地的资源数量和质量，包括营养物质和能源，也与微生物群落的大小和多样性密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了湿地的类型，人类活动如何改变了碳循环，气候变化如何影响湿地服务和功能，并确定了一些促进其保护和恢复的方法，这些方法提供了一系列的好处，包括碳封存。目前的数据还表明，在工业化后时代，沿海海洋是大气二氧化碳的净汇，而持续的人类压力将对未来沿海海洋碳预算的演变产生重大影响。沿海湿地生态系统中含有多种多样的微生物群落，其微生物群落的组成会随着环境变化而迅速变化，因此可以作为未来识别这些变化的重要标志。
