Ding Junnan, Yu Shaopeng
Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, Harbin University, Harbin 150086, China.
Life (Basel). 2025 Apr 1;15(4):570. doi: 10.3390/life15040570.
Soil microorganisms play an essential role in vegetation succession, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem restoration. This study investigates the responses of soil microbial communities to ecological transitions from forest to wetland in the Lesser Khingan Mountains, including mixed forest, conifer forest, wetland edge, and natural wetland. The results indicated that natural wetland soils were weakly acidic and contained significantly higher organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus compared to other soils. Soil bulk density increased with depth. Actinobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Proteobacteria dominated in mixed forest, wetland edge, and natural wetland soils, respectively, showing minimal variation between depths. Principal component analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling demonstrated distinct bacterial communities between natural wetlands and wetland edges. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil bacterial communities differed significantly between 15 cm and 30 cm layers, influenced by potassium, bulk density, organic carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota abundances correlated positively with nutrients, while Acidobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota correlated negatively with available potassium. Chemotrophic and aerobic bacteria dominated in forest soils, whereas fermentation-related and anaerobic bacteria were prevalent in wetland soils. The study highlights how ecological transitions and soil properties shape soil microbial communities and their functions.
土壤微生物在植被演替、养分循环和生态系统恢复中发挥着重要作用。本研究调查了小兴安岭地区从森林到湿地的生态过渡过程中土壤微生物群落的响应，包括混交林、针叶林、湿地边缘和天然湿地。结果表明，与其他土壤相比，天然湿地土壤呈弱酸性，含有显著更高的有机质、总氮和有效磷。土壤容重随深度增加。放线菌门、酸杆菌门和变形菌门分别在混交林、湿地边缘和天然湿地土壤中占主导地位，不同深度之间变化极小。主成分分析和非度量多维标度分析表明，天然湿地和湿地边缘的细菌群落明显不同。冗余分析表明，受钾、容重、有机碳、磷和氮的影响，土壤细菌群落在15厘米和30厘米土层之间存在显著差异。变形菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度与养分呈正相关，而酸杆菌门和疣微菌门与有效钾呈负相关。森林土壤中化学营养型和好氧细菌占主导，而湿地土壤中与发酵相关的细菌和厌氧细菌普遍存在。该研究突出了生态过渡和土壤性质如何塑造土壤微生物群落及其功能。
