Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
J Med Philos. 2024 Nov 22;49(6):560-575. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhae035.
Moral bioenhancement presents the possibility of enhancing morally desirable emotions and dispositions. While some scholars have proposed that moral bioenhancement can produce virtue, we argue that within a virtue ethics framework moral bioenhancement cannot reliably produce virtue. Moreover, on a virtue ethics framework, the pursuit of moral bioenhancement carries moral risks. To make this argument, we consider three aspects of virtue-its motivational, rational, and behavioral components. In order to be virtuous, we argue, a person must (i) take pleasure in doing the right thing and have the correct motivational attitudes; (ii) reason correctly about what is called for in a particular ethical dilemma; and (iii) intentionally and continuously practice and cultivate virtues. These dimensions of morality-in short: precisely those emphasized in a virtue ethics framework-cannot be consistently or reliably met using existing moral bioenhancement technology.
道德生物增强带来了增强道德上可取的情感和性格的可能性。虽然一些学者提出道德生物增强可以产生美德，但我们认为，在美德伦理框架内，道德生物增强不能可靠地产生美德。此外，在美德伦理框架内，追求道德生物增强会带来道德风险。为了提出这个论点，我们考虑了美德的三个方面——它的动机、理性和行为组成部分。我们认为，为了成为有道德的人，一个人必须（i）从做正确的事情中获得乐趣，并具有正确的动机态度；（ii）在特定的伦理困境中正确推理需要做什么；以及（iii）有意和持续地实践和培养美德。这些道德维度——简而言之：正是美德伦理框架所强调的——不能使用现有的道德生物增强技术始终如一地或可靠地满足。
