Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2024 Sep;23(5):e13422. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.13422.
Food wastes can be a valuable reservoir of bioactive substances that can serve as natural preservatives in foods or as functional ingredients with potential health benefits. The antimicrobial properties of protein hydrolysates, especially antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from food byproducts (FBs), have been extensively explored. These protein fragments are defined by their short length, low molecular weight, substantial content of hydrophobic and basic amino acids, and positive net charge. The intricate mechanisms by which these peptides exert their antimicrobial effects on microorganisms and pathogens have been elaborately described. This review also focuses on techniques for producing and purifying AMPs from diverse FBs, including seafood, livestock, poultry, plants, and dairy wastes. According to investigations, incorporating AMPs as additives and alternatives to chemical preservatives in food formulations and packaging materials has been pursued to enhance both consumer health and the shelf life of foods and their products. However, challenges associated with the utilization of AMPs derived from food waste depend on their interaction with the food matrix, acceptability, and commercial viability. Overall, AMPs can serve as alternative safe additives, thereby ensuring the safety and prolonging the storage duration of food products based on specific regulatory approvals as recommended by the respective safety authorities.
食品废弃物可以是生物活性物质的有价值的储存库，这些物质可以作为天然防腐剂添加到食品中，或者作为具有潜在健康益处的功能性成分。蛋白质水解物的抗菌特性，特别是源自食品副产物（FBs）的抗菌肽（AMPs），已经得到了广泛的研究。这些蛋白质片段的特点是短链长度、低分子量、大量的疏水和碱性氨基酸以及正净电荷。这些肽对微生物和病原体发挥抗菌作用的复杂机制已经被详细描述。本综述还重点介绍了从各种 FBs（包括海鲜、牲畜、家禽、植物和奶制品废物）中生产和纯化 AMPs 的技术。根据调查，人们一直在研究将 AMPs 作为添加剂和化学防腐剂的替代品添加到食品配方和包装材料中，以提高消费者健康和食品及其产品的保质期。然而，利用源自食品废弃物的 AMPs 所面临的挑战取决于它们与食品基质的相互作用、可接受性和商业可行性。总的来说，AMP 可以作为替代的安全添加剂，从而确保根据各自的安全机构建议的特定监管批准，食品产品的安全性和储存期限得以延长。
