School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Food Funct. 2024 Sep 30;15(19):9662-9677. doi: 10.1039/d3fo05619h.
Small pentacyclic peptides, represented by nisin, have been successfully utilized as preservatives in the food industry and have evolved into a paradigm for understanding the genetic structure, expression, and control of genes created by lantibiotics. Due to the ever-increasing antibiotic resistance, nisin-relevant antimicrobial peptides have received much attention, which calls for a summarization of their synthesis, modification and applications. In this review, we first provided a timeline of select highlights in nisin biosynthesis and engineering. Then, we outlined the current developments in nisin synthesis. We also provided an overview of the engineering, screening, and production of nisin-relevant antimicrobial peptides based on enzyme alteration, substrate modification, and sequence mining. Furthermore, an updated summary of applications of nisin-relevant antimicrobial peptides has been developed for food applications. Finally, this study offers insights into emerging technologies, limitations and the future development of nisin-relevant antimicrobial peptides for pathogen inhibition, food preservatives, and improved health.
小环五肽，以乳链菌肽为代表，已成功应用于食品工业的防腐剂，并成为理解由类抗生素产生的基因的遗传结构、表达和控制的范例。由于抗生素耐药性的不断增加，与乳链菌肽相关的抗菌肽受到了广泛关注，因此需要对其合成、修饰和应用进行总结。在这篇综述中，我们首先提供了乳链菌肽生物合成和工程方面的精选要点的时间线。然后，我们概述了乳链菌肽合成的最新进展。我们还介绍了基于酶改变、底物修饰和序列挖掘的乳链菌肽相关抗菌肽的工程、筛选和生产。此外，还为食品应用开发了乳链菌肽相关抗菌肽应用的最新总结。最后，本研究为乳链菌肽相关抗菌肽在抑制病原体、食品防腐剂和改善健康方面的新兴技术、局限性和未来发展提供了深入了解。
