Ahmad Ilyas, Mashwani Zia-Ur-Rehman, Younas Zohaib, Yousaf Tayyaba, Raish Mohammad, Arif Muhammad
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.
Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan.
ACS Omega. 2024 Aug 19;9(35):37213-37224. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04519. eCollection 2024 Sep 3.
Pakistan once considered self-sufficient for edible oil production now became the major importer with 88.6% imports and producing only the minor portion. Scientific negligence in oil seed crops led to a dramatic decrease in edible oil production depending mainly on only the imports. L., "Queen of Oil seeds" with 50-55% oil, is cultivated in various geographical regions of Pakistan, but farmers are not considering this crop because of insufficient knowledge, poor crop management practices, and low yielding varieties. This study was conducted to check the nutritional, biochemical, antioxidant, and yield potentials of six major varieties, i.e., TS-5, TH-6, Til-18, NIAB-Mil, NIAB-Pearl, and NS-16, and to compare the nutritionals, oil quality, and oil yield potential of these varieties. Field experiment was conducted, and various crop growth biomarkers were analyzed. Chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase activity were found to be highest in NIAB-Mil followed by NIAB-Pearl and comparable to those of Til-18, while APX, Cat, and GPX activity was found to be highest in Til-18 with 25.6 and 5.9 and 6.02 mg/g, respectively. Seed antioxidant parameters showed a mixed response, but NIAB-Mil, NIAB pearl, and Til-18 were found to be highest in all antioxidant parameters. UHPLC analysis of seed oil resulted in a total of 14 triacylglycerols (TAGs), and principal component analysis and OPLS-Da analysis showed seven TAG biomarkers responsible for the separation of sesame varieties. Til-18 was found to be highest in oil content (53.3%) more abundant with oleic acid, while NIAB-Pearl, NIAB-Mil, and NS-16 were found to be abundant with linoleic acid, both considered as potential TAG biomarkers for sesame oil separation. This study concluded that, in general, Til-18 variety is more resistant with high nutritional status, high antioxidant activity, and oil yielding variety, followed by NIAB-Mil and NIAB-Pearl.
巴基斯坦曾认为自己在食用油生产方面能够自给自足，如今却成为主要进口国，进口量占88.6%，仅生产一小部分。油料作物方面的科学疏忽导致食用油产量急剧下降，主要依赖进口。芝麻，即“油料作物之王”，含油率为50 - 55%，在巴基斯坦的各个地理区域均有种植，但由于知识不足、作物管理不善以及品种产量低，农民并未重视这种作物。本研究旨在检测六个主要品种，即TS - 5、TH - 6、Til - 18、NIAB - Mil、NIAB - Pearl和NS - 16的营养、生化、抗氧化和产量潜力，并比较这些品种的营养成分、油质和产油潜力。进行了田间试验，并分析了各种作物生长生物标志物。发现叶绿素含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性在NIAB - Mil中最高，其次是NIAB - Pearl，与Til - 18相当，而APX、Cat和GPX活性在Til - 18中最高，分别为25.6、5.9和6.02 mg/g。种子抗氧化参数呈现出混合反应，但NIAB - Mil、NIAB珍珠和Til - 18在所有抗氧化参数中均最高。种子油的超高效液相色谱分析共检测到14种三酰甘油（TAGs），主成分分析和OPLS - Da分析显示有7种TAG生物标志物可用于芝麻品种的区分。Til - 18的含油率最高（53.3%），油酸含量更丰富，而NIAB - Pearl、NIAB - Mil和NS - 16的亚油酸含量丰富，两者均被视为芝麻油分离的潜在TAG生物标志物。本研究得出结论，总体而言，Til - 18品种抗性更强，营养状况良好，抗氧化活性高且产油量大，其次是NIAB - Mil和NIAB - Pearl。
