Ahmad Ilyas, Younas Zohaib, Mashwani Zia-Ur-Rehman, Raja Naveed Iqbal, Akram Abida
Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi46300, Pakistan.
ACS Omega. 2023 Jan 5;8(3):3354-3366. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07084. eCollection 2023 Jan 24.
Vegetable oil consumption is expected to reach almost 200 billion kilograms by 2030 in the world and almost 2.97 million tons in Pakistan. A large quantity of edible oil is imported annually from other countries to fill the gap between local production and consumption. Compared to other edible oil crops such as soybean, rapeseed, peanut and olive, sesame has innately higher (55%) oil content, which makes it an excellent candidate to be considered to meet local edible oil production. Oil seed crops, especially sesame, are affected by various pathogens, which results in decreased oil production with low quality oil. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) work synergistically, as it has antifungal activity along with improving plant growth. Different concentrations of SeNPs were used, on three different varieties of sesame (TS-5, TH-6, and Till-18). Plant growth and development were accelerated by SeNPs, which ultimately led to an increase in crop yield. Morphological parameters revealed that SeNPs resulted in a growth increase of 55.7% in root length, 48% increase in leaf number/plant, and 38% in stem diameter. Out of three sesame varieties, TS-5 seedlings treated with 40 mg/L SeNPs showed 96.7% germination and 53% SVI at 40 mg/L. Sesame varieties dramatically increased antioxidant capability using SeNPs, resulting in 147% increase in SOD and 140% increase in POD enzyme units in TH-6 and 76% elevation in CAT enzymes in TS-5 (mean ± S.E). GCMS analysis revealed that bioactive compound I, sesamin, sesamol, and tocopherol contents were increased along with enhanced production of different unsaturated fatty acids. Kegg pathway analysis and MSEA revealed that these compounds were mainly involved in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that SeNPs have elicited the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linoleic acid. This study concluded that SeNPs (40 mg/L) have an excellent capability to be used for crop improvement along with better oil quality.
预计到2030年，全球植物油消费量将达到近2000亿公斤，巴基斯坦的消费量将达到近297万吨。每年都要从其他国家进口大量食用油，以填补当地生产与消费之间的缺口。与大豆、油菜籽、花生和橄榄等其他食用油作物相比，芝麻的含油量天生就更高（55%），这使其成为满足当地食用油生产的理想选择。油料作物，尤其是芝麻，受到各种病原体的影响，导致油脂产量下降且质量不佳。硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）具有协同作用，因为它具有抗真菌活性并能促进植物生长。对三种不同的芝麻品种（TS-5、TH-6和Till-18）使用了不同浓度的SeNPs。SeNPs促进了植物的生长和发育，最终导致作物产量增加。形态学参数显示，SeNPs使根长增长了55.7%，每株叶片数量增加了48%，茎直径增加了38%。在三个芝麻品种中，用40mg/L SeNPs处理的TS-5幼苗在40mg/L时发芽率为96.7%，活力指数为53%。芝麻品种使用SeNPs后抗氧化能力显著提高，TH-6中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）增加了147%，过氧化物酶（POD）酶单位增加了140%，TS-5中过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶增加了76%（平均值±标准误）。气相色谱-质谱联用（GCMS）分析表明，生物活性化合物I、芝麻素、芝麻酚和生育酚的含量增加，同时不同不饱和脂肪酸的产量也有所提高。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路分析和基因集富集分析（MSEA）表明，这些化合物主要参与不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成，这表明SeNPs引发了油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成。本研究得出结论，40mg/L的SeNPs具有用于作物改良和提高油质的优异能力。
