Dayanand Yalka, Pather Reveshni, Xulu Nombuso, Booysen Irvin, Sibiya Ntethelelo, Khathi Andile, Ngubane Phikelelani
School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024 Sep 4;17:3267-3278. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S417700. eCollection 2024.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related complications is rapidly increasing worldwide, placing a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems. Approximately 537 million adults are currently diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes globally. However, interestingly, the increasing morbidity rate is primarily influenced by the effects of long-term hyperglycemia on vital organs such as the brain, the liver and the heart rather than the ability of the body to use glucose effectively. This can be attributed to the summation of the detrimental effects of excessive glucose on major vascular systems and the harmful side effects attributed to the current treatment associated with managing the disease. These drugs have been implicated in the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease, hepatocyte injury and cognitive dysfunction, thereby warranting extensive research into alternative treatment strategies. Literature has shown significant progress in utilizing metal-based compounds, specifically those containing transition metals such as zinc, magnesium and vanadium, in managing hyperglycaemia. Amongst these metals, research carried out on vanadium reflected the most promising anti-diabetic efficacy in cell culture and animal studies. This was attributed to the ability to improve glucose management in the bloodstream by enhancing its uptake and metabolism in the kidney, brain, skeletal muscle, heart and liver. Despite this, organic vanadium was considered toxic due to its accumulative characteristics. To alleviate vanadium's toxic nature while subsequently manipulating its therapeutic properties, vanadium complexes were synthesized using either vanadate or vanadyl as a base compound. This review attempts to evaluate organic vanadium salts' therapeutic and toxic effects, highlight vanadium complexes' research and provide insight into the novel dioxidovanadium complex synthesized in our laboratory to alleviate hyperglycaemia-associated macrovascular complications in the brain, heart and liver.
全球范围内，糖尿病及糖尿病相关并发症的患病率正在迅速上升，给医疗系统带来了沉重的经济负担。目前全球约有5.37亿成年人被诊断患有1型或2型糖尿病。然而，有趣的是，发病率的上升主要受长期高血糖对大脑、肝脏和心脏等重要器官的影响，而非身体有效利用葡萄糖的能力。这可归因于过量葡萄糖对主要血管系统的有害影响的总和，以及当前糖尿病治疗方法所带来的有害副作用。这些药物与心血管疾病、肝细胞损伤和认知功能障碍的发生及进展有关，因此有必要对替代治疗策略进行广泛研究。文献表明，在利用金属基化合物（特别是含锌、镁和钒等过渡金属的化合物）治疗高血糖方面已取得显著进展。在这些金属中，对钒的研究在细胞培养和动物研究中显示出最有前景的抗糖尿病疗效。这归因于钒能够通过增强其在肾脏、大脑、骨骼肌、心脏和肝脏中的摄取和代谢来改善血液中的葡萄糖管理。尽管如此，有机钒因其累积特性被认为具有毒性。为了减轻钒的毒性并同时控制其治疗特性，以钒酸盐或氧钒基作为基础化合物合成了钒配合物。本综述试图评估有机钒盐的治疗和毒性作用，突出钒配合物的研究，并深入探讨我们实验室合成的新型二氧钒配合物，以减轻大脑、心脏和肝脏中与高血糖相关的大血管并发症。
