Ndlovu K L, Mwanza M, Nleya N, Ngoma L
Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, South Africa.
Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2024 Jul 18. doi: 10.36303/JSAVA.583.
Goat milk could be used to reduce malnutrition since it is highly nutritious, and many people in rural communities in South Africa rear small ruminants for survival. However, the risk of food contamination by antibiotic residues is one of the significant problems facing public health, and is a result of the irresponsible use of veterinary drugs. One hundred goat farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire, and raw milk samples from 266 goats were collected and analysed for the presence of antibiotic residues. Screening for amoxicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethazine, erythromycin, and streptomycin residues was done using the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out for confirmation. The questionnaire shows that all (100%) of the participants acknowledged the use of antibiotics on their goats and 99% of them were aware of the possibility of antibiotic residues in milk. ELISA results for residues of erythromycin, sulfamethazine and amoxicillin exceeded the maximum residue levels (MRLs) in 94.7%, 82.3%, and 35.3% of analysed samples, respectively. Tetracycline was present in all (100%) analysed milk samples, and streptomycin was detected in 18.7% of samples; however, these results were below the recommended MRLs. The HPLC method confirmed the presence of streptomycin and tetracycline residues in 90% and 40% of the samples analysed. However, the concentrations were below the accepted MRL standards. Approximately 76.6% of samples exceeded the established MRL for sulfamethazine and 10% for erythromycin. Amoxicillin was not detected by the HPLC method. The results obtained in this study indicate a high level of contamination of goat milk with antibiotic residues, which may harm the health of the consumers.
山羊奶营养丰富，可用于减少营养不良现象，而且南非农村社区的许多人为了生存饲养小型反刍动物。然而，抗生素残留造成的食品污染风险是公共卫生面临的重大问题之一，这是不负责任地使用兽药的结果。通过问卷调查对100名山羊养殖户进行了访谈，并采集了266只山羊的生奶样本，分析其中是否存在抗生素残留。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）筛查阿莫西林、四环素、磺胺二甲嘧啶、红霉素和链霉素残留，同时采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行确认。问卷调查显示，所有（100%）参与者都承认在山羊身上使用过抗生素，其中99%的人意识到牛奶中可能存在抗生素残留。红霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶和阿莫西林残留的ELISA结果分别在94.7%、82.3%和35.3%的分析样本中超过了最大残留限量（MRLs）。所有（100%）分析的牛奶样本中都含有四环素，18.7%的样本中检测到链霉素；然而，这些结果低于推荐的MRLs。HPLC方法在90%和40%的分析样本中确认了链霉素和四环素残留的存在。然而，其浓度低于公认的MRL标准。约76.6%的样本超过了磺胺二甲嘧啶既定的MRL，10%的样本超过了红霉素的MRL。HPLC方法未检测到阿莫西林。本研究获得的结果表明，山羊奶受抗生素残留污染的程度很高，这可能会损害消费者的健康。
