Oladeji Oluwaseun Mary, Mugivhisa Liziwe Lizbeth, Olowoyo Joshua Oluwole
Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 139, Pretoria 0204, South Africa.
Department of Health Sciences and The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Jan 14;14(1):90. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14010090.
This review investigates the levels of antibiotic residues in animal products, types of antibiotics, and their possible impact on human health in Africa. The literature search involved the use of a systematic survey using data that were published from Africa from 2015 to 2024. The search terms used the Boolean operators with keywords such as antibiotics, antibiotic residues, antibiotics in animal products in Africa, and impact on human health. Only research conducted in Africa was used in the present study. The findings showed that the most prevalent groups of antibiotic residues were aminoglycoside, macrolides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines sulfonamides, and phenicols. Tetracycline showed the most prevalent antibiotic residue with 43% mostly from East Africa, followed by sulfonamides at 19%, and β-lactams at 16%; most of the antibiotic residue levels were higher than the World Health Organization permissible limit. Noncompliance with withdrawal periods and maximum residue limits for antibiotics used in food-producing animals may lead to negative outcomes such as allergic reactions, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, microbiome alterations, and, most notably, antibiotic resistance. As a result, there is a need for constant monitoring of antibiotic residues in animal products in addition to the consideration of alternatives to antibiotics in order to avoid their health implications.
本综述调查了非洲动物产品中的抗生素残留水平、抗生素类型及其对人类健康可能产生的影响。文献检索采用了系统的调查方法，使用了2015年至2024年在非洲发表的数据。检索词使用布尔运算符以及抗生素、抗生素残留、非洲动物产品中的抗生素、对人类健康的影响等关键词。本研究仅使用在非洲进行的研究。研究结果表明，最常见的抗生素残留类别为氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类、磺胺类和酚类。四环素是最常见的抗生素残留，占43%，主要来自东非，其次是磺胺类，占19%，β-内酰胺类占16%；大多数抗生素残留水平高于世界卫生组织的允许限量。不遵守食品生产动物所用抗生素的休药期和最大残留限量可能会导致过敏反应、致畸性、致癌性、微生物群落改变等负面结果，最显著的是导致抗生素耐药性。因此，除了考虑抗生素替代品外，还需要持续监测动物产品中的抗生素残留，以避免其对健康产生影响。
