Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Sep 11;9(1):223. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01917-x.
To adequately prepare for potential hazards caused by emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the WHO has issued a list of high-priority pathogens that are likely to cause future outbreaks and for which research and development (R&D) efforts are dedicated, known as paramount R&D blueprints. Within R&D efforts, the goal is to obtain effective prophylactic and therapeutic approaches, which depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of these diseases. In this process, the accessibility of animal models is a priority bottleneck because it plays a key role in bridging the gap between in-depth understanding and control efforts for infectious diseases. Here, we reviewed preclinical animal models for high priority disease in terms of their ability to simulate human infections, including both natural susceptibility models, artificially engineered models, and surrogate models. In addition, we have thoroughly reviewed the current landscape of vaccines, antibodies, and small molecule drugs, particularly hopeful candidates in the advanced stages of these infectious diseases. More importantly, focusing on global trends and novel technologies, several aspects of the prevention and control of infectious disease were discussed in detail, including but not limited to gaps in currently available animal models and medical responses, better immune correlates of protection established in animal models and humans, further understanding of disease mechanisms, and the role of artificial intelligence in guiding or supplementing the development of animal models, vaccines, and drugs. Overall, this review described pioneering approaches and sophisticated techniques involved in the study of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and clinical theatment of WHO high-priority pathogens and proposed potential directions. Technological advances in these aspects would consolidate the line of defense, thus ensuring a timely response to WHO high priority pathogens.
为充分应对新发和再发传染病带来的潜在威胁，世界卫生组织（WHO）发布了一份高优先级病原体清单，这些病原体极有可能引发未来的疫情爆发，因此需要投入研究与开发（R&D）工作，这也被称为首要 R&D 蓝图。在 R&D 工作中，目标是获得有效的预防和治疗方法，这取决于对这些疾病的病因、流行病学和发病机制的全面了解。在这一过程中，动物模型的可及性是一个优先考虑的瓶颈，因为它在弥合对传染病的深入理解与控制工作之间的差距方面发挥着关键作用。在这里，我们根据模拟人类感染的能力，综述了高优先级疾病的临床前动物模型，包括天然易感性模型、人工工程模型和替代模型。此外，我们还彻底审查了疫苗、抗体和小分子药物的当前研究现状，尤其是这些传染病的高级阶段的有希望的候选药物。更重要的是，我们关注全球趋势和新技术，详细讨论了传染病防控的几个方面，包括但不限于目前可用的动物模型和医学应对措施中的差距、在动物模型和人类中建立更好的保护免疫相关性、进一步了解疾病机制，以及人工智能在指导或补充动物模型、疫苗和药物开发方面的作用。总的来说，本综述描述了研究 WHO 高优先级病原体的流行病学、发病机制、预防和临床治疗方面所涉及的开创性方法和复杂技术，并提出了潜在的方向。这些方面的技术进步将巩固防线，从而确保对 WHO 高优先级病原体的及时应对。
