Debat Humberto, Bejerman Nicolas
Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola CONICET-INTA, Córdoba 5020, Argentina.
Viruses. 2025 Jul 15;17(7):983. doi: 10.3390/v17070983.
The relentless emergence of RNA viruses poses a perpetual threat to global public health, necessitating continuous efforts in surveillance, discovery, and understanding of these pathogens. This review provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in RNA virus discovery, highlighting breakthroughs in technology and methodologies that have significantly enhanced our ability to identify novel viruses across diverse host organisms. We explore the expanding landscape of viral diversity, emphasizing the discovery of previously unknown viral families and the role of zoonotic transmissions in shaping the viral ecosystem. Additionally, we discuss the potential implications of RNA virus discovery on disease emergence and pandemic preparedness. Despite remarkable progress, current challenges in sample collection, data interpretation, and the characterization of newly identified viruses persist. Our ability to anticipate and respond to emerging respiratory threats relies on virus discovery as a cornerstone for understanding RNA virus evolution. We address these challenges and propose future directions for research, emphasizing the integration of multi-omic approaches, advanced computational tools, and international collaboration to overcome barriers in the field. This comprehensive overview aims to guide researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals in navigating the intricate landscape of RNA virus discovery, fostering a proactive and collaborative approach to anticipate and mitigate emerging viral threats.
RNA病毒的不断出现对全球公共卫生构成了持续威胁，因此需要在监测、发现和了解这些病原体方面不断努力。本综述全面更新了RNA病毒发现的最新进展，突出了技术和方法上的突破，这些突破显著提高了我们在各种宿主生物中识别新型病毒的能力。我们探讨了病毒多样性不断扩大的局面，强调了此前未知病毒科的发现以及人畜共患病传播在塑造病毒生态系统中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了RNA病毒发现对疾病出现和大流行防范的潜在影响。尽管取得了显著进展，但在样本采集、数据解读以及新发现病毒的特征描述方面，目前的挑战依然存在。我们预测和应对新出现的呼吸道威胁的能力依赖于病毒发现，这是理解RNA病毒进化的基石。我们应对这些挑战并提出未来的研究方向，强调整合多组学方法、先进的计算工具以及国际合作，以克服该领域的障碍。这一全面概述旨在指导研究人员、政策制定者和公共卫生专业人员应对RNA病毒发现的复杂局面，培养一种积极主动且协作的方法来预测和减轻新出现的病毒威胁。
