Conway Alexandra E, Greenhawt Matthew, Abrams Elissa M, Shaker Marcus S
From the Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire.
Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
J Food Allergy. 2024 Jul 1;6(1):3-14. doi: 10.2500/jfa.2024.6.230018. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Food allergy prevention has undergone a significant transformation over the past 3 decades. This review provides an overview of the evolution of food allergy prevention, highlighting changes in guidance, cost-effectiveness of prevention, the role of shared decision-making, and the emergence of oral immunotherapy for those in whom primary prevention fails. Changes to food allergy prevention over recent decades can be conceptualized into five epochs, which have followed a general trend of loosening restrictions on the allergen introduction timeline. These epochs are characterized by significant maternal and infant dietary restrictions in the "universal avoidance epoch"(-1990), loosened maternal diet restrictions in the "infant avoidance epoch" (1990-2000), a time-bound allergen introduction schedule in the "stratified avoidance epoch" (2000-2010), retraction of recommendations in the "corrective retraction epoch" (2010-2015), and endorsement of early allergen introduction in the "early introduction epoch" (2015-present), the start of which is marked by the 2015 Learning Early About Peanut study. In hindsight, it is clear that certain recommendations from previous decades were not the best course of action. A no-screening early introduction approach to food allergy prevention is both cost-effective and beneficial to patient quality of life.
在过去30年里,食物过敏预防发生了重大变革。本综述概述了食物过敏预防的演变,重点介绍了指南的变化、预防的成本效益、共同决策的作用以及针对一级预防失败人群的口服免疫疗法的出现。近几十年来食物过敏预防的变化可分为五个阶段,总体趋势是放宽对引入过敏原时间线的限制。这些阶段的特点是,在“普遍回避阶段”(-1990年)对母婴饮食有严格限制,在“婴儿回避阶段”(1990 - 2000年)放宽了母亲饮食限制,在“分层回避阶段”(2000 - 2010年)有时间限制的过敏原引入时间表,在“纠正性撤回阶段”(2010 - 2015年)撤回了相关建议,以及在“早期引入阶段”(2015年至今)支持早期引入过敏原,这一阶段始于2015年的“早期了解花生研究”。事后看来,很明显前几十年的某些建议并非最佳行动方案。一种不进行筛查的早期引入食物过敏预防方法既具有成本效益,又有利于患者的生活质量。