Stinging insect allergy.

One to two million Americans have a history of systemic allergic reactions to stinging insects and must live with the knowledge that future stings could be catastrophic. Recent advances have been made in diagnosis and treatment of this problem. Pure venoms have been recognized to be superior to the whole body extract as diagnostic and treatment antigens. Use of pure venoms for immunotherapy gives far better protection than whole body extract for the allergic patient and represents a major advance in the field of allergy. The imported fire ant is very different from the other common stinging insects in its venom components, the type of local reactions caused by its sting, and the fact that whole body extract from this insect seems to be as good an antigen for diagnosis and treatment as pure venom. Although important discoveries about insect allergy have been made recently, some very important questions are yet to be answered. Among these are: (1) Can suppliers of venom provide us with enough venom to treat all patients with insect allergy? (2) How long should immunotherapy be continued? and (3) Would treatment with specific antigens from venom be superior to using whole venom? We all await the answer to these and other questions with hopeful anticipation.